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France: Solidarity with Le Monde journalist Stéphane Horel following…

France: Solidarity with Le Monde journalist Stéphane Horel following unpunished thefts and attempted break-ins

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners stand in solidarity with Le Monde investigative journalist Stéphane Horel and call on police to hold those responsible for a series of thefts and attempted break-ins believed to be linked to her work accountable.

24.06.2026

Between 2024 and 2025, the investigative reporter has been targeted by a series of incidents in both public and private settings in which her journalistic equipment and devices have been stolen and her apartment targeted. Horel, a well known journalist specialising in corporate harm, toxic industries and scientific disinformation, has stated that she believes the incidents are connected and linked directly to her journalistic work.

 

Horel has been conducting a cross-border investigation into PFAS pollution, (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances often referred to as ‘forever chemicals’) since 2022. As a result of the investigations, she launched the Forever Lobbying Project, a collaborative investigation examining industry lobbying efforts aimed at preventing stricter regulations or a ban on PFAS substances. According to the journalist, all incidents occurred during periods when she was focusing exclusively on PFAS.

 

The series of incidents began with the theft of her phone and backpack in 2024, followed by two alleged attempts to break into her house in May and October of that year, while she was attending conferences, for which her presence was publicly announced. The situation escalated in 2025. Ten days before the publication of the ‘Forever Lobbying Project’, there was another attempted break-in while the journalist was home. Her door was the only one targeted. In June, her phone was stolen in a café terrace by a man who walked straight away to her table before fleeing in a car while Horel’s bag was stolen outside Le Monde editorial offices in September 2025.

 

On 23 February 2026, Le Monde announced having filed a complaint with Horel against persons unknown for “obstruction of freedom of expression, invasion of privacy, attempted trespassing, theft and damage to private property.” Almost four months later since the complaint was filed, none of the perpetrators have been identified.

 

In light of the repeated incidents targeting Horel in both public and private settings, the undersigned organisations express serious concerns about the journalist’s safety. We reiterate the importance of identifying the perpetrators and holding them accountable. It is of the utmost importance that the authorities establish whether the investigative journalist was specifically targeted because of her work, particularly given the cross-border nature of her investigations and the risks to the journalist’s sources. 

 

Since 2023, the Mapping Media Freedom platform has documented 26  incidents targeting 38 journalists for their environmental reporting in France. The topic increasingly generates hostility and intimidation that requires strong vigilance and action from the authorities, MFRR partners recently warned on World Environment Day. Thefts and attempted break-ins at the homes of journalists are not just material attacks, but a form of intimidation that is of serious concern.

Signed by:

  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • European Center for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • ARTICLE 19 Europe

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

France : Solidarité avec la journaliste du Monde Stéphane Horel suite à une série de vols et de tentatives d’effraction impunis à ce jour

 

Les partenaires du Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) expriment leur solidarité avec la journaliste d’investigation du Monde Stéphane Horel et appellent la police à traduire en justice les responsables d’une série de vols et de tentatives d’effraction qui seraient liés à son travail.

 

Entre 2024 et 2025, ce journaliste d’investigation a été la cible d’une série d’incidents, tant dans des lieux publics que privés, au cours desquels son matériel et ses appareils journalistiques ont été volés et son appartement a été pris pour cible. 

 

Stéphane Horel, journaliste d’investigation de renom spécialisé dans les préjudices causés par les entreprises et les industries toxiques, ainsi que dans la désinformation scientifique, a de sérieuses raisons de penser que ces incidents étaient directement liés à son travail.

 

Depuis 2022, Horel mène une enquête transfrontalière sur la pollution par les PFAS (substances per- et polyfluoroalkylées, souvent appelées « substances éternelles »). À la suite de ces investigations, elle a lancé le « Forever Lobbying Project », une enquête collaborative visant à examiner les efforts de lobbying de l’industrie destinés à empêcher un renforcement de la réglementation ou une interdiction des substances PFAS. Selon la journaliste, tous ces incidents se sont produits à des moments où elle se consacrait exclusivement aux PFAS.

 

La série d’incidents a commencé par le vol de son téléphone et de son sac à dos en 2024, suivi de deux tentatives présumées d’effraction à son domicile en mai et octobre de la même année, alors qu’elle assistait à des conférences pour lesquelles sa présence avait été annoncée publiquement. La situation s’est aggravée en 2025. Dix jours avant la publication du « Forever Lobbying Project », une nouvelle tentative d’effraction a eu lieu alors que la journaliste se trouvait chez elle. Sa porte était la seule à avoir été prise pour cible. En juin, son téléphone a été volé à la terrasse d’un café par un homme qui s’est dirigé directement vers sa table avant de prendre la fuite en voiture, tandis que le sac de Stéphane Horel a été dérobé devant les locaux de la rédaction du Monde en septembre 2025.

 

Le 23 février 2026,  Le Monde a annoncé avoir porté plainte avec Stéphane Horel contre X pour «entrave à la liberté d’expression, atteinte à l’intimité de la vie privée, tentative de violation de domicile, vol et détérioration de biens privés». Près de quatre mois après le dépôt de la plainte, aucun des auteurs n’a été identifié.

 

Au vu des incidents répétés dont a fait l’objet Horel, tant dans la sphère publique que privée, les organisations signataires expriment leur profonde inquiétude quant à la sécurité de la journaliste. Nous réaffirmons l’importance d’identifier les auteurs de ces actes et de les traduire en justice. Il est primordial que les autorités déterminent si la journaliste d’investigation a été spécifiquement prise pour cible en raison de son travail, compte tenu notamment de la nature transfrontalière de ses enquêtes, mais aussi des risques encourus par ses sources. 

 

Depuis 2023, la plateforme Mapping Media Freedom a recensé 26 incidents visant 38 journalistes pour leurs reportages sur l’environnement en France. Ce sujet suscite de plus en plus d’hostilité et d’intimidation, ce qui exige une vigilance et une action accrues de la part des autorités, comme l’ont récemment souligné les partenaires du MFRR à l’occasion de la Journée mondiale de l’environnement. Les vols et les tentatives d’effraction au domicile de journalistes ne constituent pas seulement des agressions matérielles, mais une forme d’intimidation dès plus préoccupante.

Signé par:

  • Fédération européenne des journalistes (FEJ)
  • European Center for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • ARTICLE 19 Europe

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

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France: Critical juncture for media freedom ahead of 2027…

France: Critical juncture for media freedom ahead of 2027 Elections

The  mission  was led by the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and joined by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ARTICLE 19 Europe, the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF), Free Press Unlimited (FPU), and the International Press Institute (IPI). The mission was organised with the support of local partners, the journalists’ trade unions SNJ, SNJ-CGT, CFDT-Journalistes, as well the French observatory OFALP, official partner of the MFRR.

12.06.2026

Increasing media concentration, vexatious litigation, and threats to safety of journalists require urgent action

 

From 9-11 June 2026, the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) and Reporters Without Borders (RSF) conducted a joint mission to France to assess the current state of media freedom in the country. This statement presents the mission’s preliminary findings. 

 

The  mission  was led by the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and joined by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ARTICLE 19 Europe, the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF), Free Press Unlimited (FPU), and the International Press Institute (IPI). The mission was organised with the support of local partners, the journalists’ trade unions SNJ, SNJ-CGT, CFDT-Journalistes, as well the French observatory OFALP, official partner of the MFRR.

 

The delegation met with journalists, legal experts, civil society organisations, the media regulator, and government officials, including representatives of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Interior.

 

Although the mission plans to conduct additional meetings online, we are sharing preliminary findings and conclusions from the three days of in-person discussions in Paris. These conclusions will be expanded on in a mission report to be published in September 2026.

 

Media freedom in France is at a critical juncture ahead of the 2027 French presidential election. The free press is under mounting pressure, a coalition of international journalists’ and press freedom organisations said today, fuelled by growing media ownership concentration, pressures on editorial independence from billionaire owners, the harassment of journalists through strategic lawsuits, insufficient legal safeguards to protect their rights and sources, and threats to reporters’ physical safety. The delegation also observed a profession in turmoil. Amidst more than a thousand of job cuts announced since the beginning of the year, increasing job insecurity — including the replacement of media employees by artificial intelligence agents — and the cancellation of programmes due to budget restrictions and political pressure, journalists’ unions organised a mobilisation on 18 June in Paris.

 

As media freedom in the country is steadily deteriorating, with 48 press freedom violations documented on the Mapping Media Freedom platform since the beginning of the year, the mission calls on the authorities to take urgent measures to enforce the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), and provide robust safeguards to protect the safety of journalists. Legal inertia has prevented the modernisation of media concentration law and journalists’ source protection, leaving them outdated and ineffective.

 

Implementation of EMFA and challenges facing the French media landscape

 

The European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) has been in effect since August 2025. However, its full implementation is stalled in France. The main reason, as discussed by the mission representatives, is that the audio-visual regulator, Arcom, does not have an official mandate to regulate the industry in its entirety, particularly the print and online press. At the same time, there is no clear timeline for the relevant laws to be adopted, and the current schedule for the Parliamentary procedures does not include any bill that addressed EMFA implementation.

 

The full application of EMFA is particularly relevant in the context of the upcoming 2027 presidential elections, which brings to the fore the importance of the key topics raised throughout the mission: the protection of the editorial and financial independence of public service media, increased media ownership concentration and its negative effects on media pluralism, the protection of sources, and a general maintenance of a healthy media ecosystem in France.

Threats to public service media

 

At a time when public and transparent reporting are most needed, public service media have not emerged unscathed from the parliamentary inquiry into its neutrality, operations and funding. The inquiry was a clear effort to diminish and politically discredit the value of public service media. The report of MP Charles Alloncle that contributed to a climate of distrust in public media, was criticised for lacking objectivity and issuing recommendations that go against EMFA. 

 

Initiatives including the counter-report by La Scam, and an analysis by Un bout Des Médias, have offered insights into the levels of harm such politically coloured reports can have to media pluralism and freedom of the press. However, while Arcom has published a study on impartiality of broadcasters in France, the country still lacks an official initiative that provides independent insights into the level of threats facing public service media. 

 

The parliamentary commission inquiry marks yet another setback for France Télévisions, which was already in a precarious position following unprecedented budget cuts in 2025. These cuts led to layoffs, a reduction in programming, and growing fears of political interference in editorial content – all while funding became the subject of increasingly heated debate. 

 

Media concentration and increased political control of editorial independence

 

France’s primary legislative framework governing media concentration – the Law of 30 September 1986 on the freedom of communication (Loi Léotard) – is widely seen as outdated and inadequate amid the emergence of  today’s digital, multi-platform conglomerates. The mission has concluded that the prolonged failure to modernise this framework is the deep structural problem underpinning the deterioration of press freedom in France. Concentrated ownership in the hands of a small number of industrial billionaires lies at the centre of the dangers facing media pluralism: the weaponisation of information to serve specific economic and political interests, the shaping of public debate according to owners’ agendas, and even direct interference with editorial policy and the dismissal of journalists who do not comply. In 2025, RSF documented that hundreds of journalists at Vincent Bolloré-owned outlets were subject to confidentiality clauses preventing them from speaking publicly about editorial conditions. 

 

The already high level of media concentration in France continues to increase with the consolidation of media conglomerates such as Vincent Bolloré’s. Six industrial groups now control the majority of France’s national media landscape. Bolloré’s Vivendi empire is the most prominent example, and it encompasses CNews, Canal+, Europe 1, the Journal du Dimanche, Paris Match and Prisma Media – France’s largest magazine group. The empire extends to advertising and communications through Havas, music, retail, publishing and journalism education. The mission concluded that such vertical integration within a single industrial group represents a vast and widely concerning concentration of influence. 

 

Bolloré’s empire also stands out for his support for politically contentious, extreme views and direct interference over newsroom editorial policies, raising concerns over the mainstreaming of far-right ideas within the French media landscape. 

 

On a regional scale, the concentration in the hands of a few large press groups (Ebra, Centre-France, Sud-Ouest, Ouest-France, Rossel France, La Dépêche) plays a role in the increased level of the information deserts and, consequently, in the weakening of media pluralism, potentially with a negative reflection on election results.

 

To tackle this, the mission welcomes the proposal of the law on market concentration introduced by MP Sophie Taillé-Polian and adopted by the National Assembly’s Cultural Affairs Committee in February 2026. We call on the National Assembly to prioritise the adoption of a strong anti-monopoly law to protect and strengthen media pluralism in France. 

 

Finally, Article 22 of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA)requires France to implement a mechanism to assess media acquisitions that risk affecting pluralism. Regrettably, France has not established such a mechanism yet.

 

During a meeting with the French media regulator Arcom, the delegation addressed the need for more transparency in its policies. While its usual approach is to find a middle ground by incorporating criticism in advance and balancing of public views, the mission stressed that the regulations should be grounded in law and European regulation, most prominently EMFA.  

 

The mission partners call on French authorities to implement EMFA’s provisions relating to media ownership without further delay, apply them to acquisitions completed since August 2025, and use them to assess, and where necessary, block acquisitions currently underway.

 

Media professionals increasingly at risk for their reporting

 

The delegation expressed deep concern to the Ministry of Interior regarding journalist safety, citing a persistent failure to implement the National Law Enforcement Plan (SNMO) on the ground. Whether due to a lack of political will, insufficient knowledge, or inadequate resources, the consequences are clear: the delegation documented recurring assaults on journalists by law enforcement, often while the reporters were clearly identified. Since 2025, at least 20 journalists have been assaulted, seven of whom sustained serious injuries. This includes the case of Enzo Rabouy, who was struck with a stick and left unconscious by an officer while filming clashes from a distance after the Champions League final in Paris. Although the Ministry acknowledged this incident, it is yet another incident involving the excessive use of force by law enforcements. 

 

During the meeting, the delegation heard several statements that suggested the responsibility for the attacks lay with journalists. The delegation reiterated that journalists have no obligation to visibly identify themselves, particularly as many fear that doing so increases their risk of being targeted by protesters. While journalists must take appropriate safety precautions, this does not excuse the use of excessive force by law enforcement. 

 

The mission partners were further alarmed by reports that administrative sanctions for police misconducts are in practice delayed, pending final court rulings. Beyond the questionable legality of these reported practices, the Ministry of Interior failed to provide clear explanations for how such cases are handled. The National Plan on Urban Violence (SNVU) presented last August, was also downgraded from a formal national strategy to an operational guide (GOVU), failing to recognise the special status of the press and clarify their rights. 

 

The increasing hostility facing journalists is also evidenced by the numerous verbal threats, including death threats, and physical attacks they receive from private individuals. 

 

The mission has confirmed our monitoring conclusions by demonstrating how freelancers face more precarity and uncertainty, especially when they are subjected to violence. Often, they are left alone to fend for themselves and their families, while trying to work through the trauma of enduring pressure and attacks on their safety. With little protection from newsrooms, and a lack of state assistance, freelancers and especially exiled and displaced journalists face significant obstacles in continuing their work. The mission emphasises the need for a consistent support to freelancers and journalists in exile, that would ensure their wellbeing, security and the continuation of their work.

 

Another pressing issue affecting media freedom in France is the insufficient protection of journalists’ sources, which in some cases deters individuals from assisting the press in informing the public on matters of public interest. The journalists whom the mission encountered point out three sets of demands towards authorities in France, including: a reform of the Law on the protections of sources and the reform of 2021 media law, with strong protection against surveillance of journalists and their sources. 

 

Our organisations therefore call on the French authorities to establish effective systems of support for journalists and their sources through national protection mechanisms such as the Netherlands’ Persveilig, as well as providing additional and individualised support in the most egregious cases.

 

Abusive lawsuits and weak transposition of the Anti-SLAPP directive

 

Vexatious litigation has long been one of the major threats to press freedom in France. While the French government initially considered a broader transposition of the EU Anti-SLAPP Directive, spending two years drafting legislation based on recommendations from the États généraux de l’information (EGI), it adopted a decree on 5 May 2026 without consulting civil society or other stakeholders.

 

Although the decree extends certain protections to domestic cases and is not limited to cross-border lawsuits, it has been widely criticised as insufficient, inadequate, and incapable of addressing the problem of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Strategic Lawsuits Against Public ParticipationParticipation (SLAPPs) effectively. Most concerningly, the decree applies only to civil proceedings. Criminal defamation cases, which constitute a significant proportion of the defamation lawsuits faced by media organisations and journalists, are excluded from the new protections. As a result, a vast number of SLAPPs remain outside the scope of the safeguards introduced by the decree.

 

Furthermore, several key reforms that had been proposed during the initial drafting process were ultimately excluded from the decree, including stronger sanctions against SLAPP claimants, a reversal of the burden of proof, and measures addressing private international law issues. Arguably, such a limited transposition of the Directive reflects a lack of political will to take meaningful action against SLAPPs. 

 

The delegation will meet with the Ministry of Justice on 1 July to further discuss the increasing use of defamation lawsuits and recommendations for legislative reform. 

 

The mission partners will publish a report outlining its findings and offering recommendations to the French authorities. It will also be shared with the Council of Europe, European Union and international organisations.

This mission statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

France : un tournant décisif pour la liberté de la presse à l’approche des élections de 2027

 

Du 9 au 11 juin 2026, le Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) et Reporters sans frontières (RSF) ont mené une mission conjointe en France afin d’évaluer l’état actuel de la liberté de la presse dans le pays. Ce communiqué présente les conclusions préliminaires de la mission.

 

La mission était organisée par la Fédération européenne des journalistes (FEJ) et réunissait Reporters sans frontières (RSF), ARTICLE 19 Europe, le Centre européen pour la liberté de la presse et des médias (ECPMF), Free Press Unlimited (FPU) et l’Institut international de la presse (IPI). La mission a également bénéficié du soutien de partenaires locaux, notamment les syndicats de journalistes SNJ, SNJ-CGT et CFDT-Journalistes, ainsi que l’Observatoire français de la liberté de la presse (OFALP), partenaire officiel du MFRR.

 

La délégation a rencontré des journalistes, des experts juridiques, des organisations de la société civile, l’autorité de régulation des médias (ARCOM) et des représentants du gouvernement, notamment du ministère de la Culture et du ministère de l’Intérieur.

 

Bien que d’autres réunions soient prévues dans le cadre de la mission, nous partageons ici les premiers résultats et conclusions issus des trois jours de discussions en présentiel à Paris. Ces conclusions seront développées dans un compte rendu de mission qui sera publié en septembre 2026.

 

La concentration médiatique croissante, les poursuites judiciaires abusives et les menaces pesant sur la sécurité des journalistes nécessitent une action urgente

 

La liberté des médias en France se trouve à un tournant critique à l’approche des élections présidentielles de 2027. La presse libre subit des pressions croissantes, ont déclaré aujourd’hui une coalition internationale d’organisations de journalistes et de défense de la liberté de la presse. Ces pressions sont alimentées par une concentration accrue de la propriété des médias, des atteintes à l’indépendance éditoriale de la part d’actionnaires milliardaires, le harcèlement des journalistes par le biais de procédures-bâillon (SLAPPs), des garanties juridiques insuffisantes pour protéger leurs droits et leurs sources, ainsi que des menaces contre leur intégrité physique.

 

La délégation a également constaté une profession en pleine tourmente. Alors que plus d’un millier de suppressions de postes ont été annoncées depuis le début de l’année, que la précarité de l’emploi s’accroît – notamment avec le remplacement de salariés des médias par des agents d’intelligence artificielle – et que des programmes sont supprimés en raison de restrictions budgétaires et de pressions politiques, les syndicats de journalistes organisent une mobilisation le 18 juin à Paris. 

 

Alors que la liberté des médias continue de se détériorer dans le pays, avec 48 violations de la presse recensées sur la plateforme Mapping Media Freedom depuis le début de l’année, la mission appelle les autorités à prendre des mesures urgentes pour appliquer le Règlement européen sur la liberté des médias (EMFA) et à mettre en place des garanties solides pour protéger la sécurité des journalistes. L’inaction législative a empêché la modernisation des lois relatives à la concentration des médias et à la protection des sources journalistiques, les laissant obsolètes et inefficaces. 

 

Mise en œuvre de l’EMFA et défis du paysage médiatique français

 

Le Règlement européen sur la liberté des médias (EMFA) est entré en vigueur en août 2025. Cependant, sa pleine mise en œuvre est au point mort en France. La principale raison, comme l’ont évoquée les représentants de la mission, est que l’autorité de régulation de l’audiovisuel, l’ARCOM, ne dispose pas d’un mandat officiel pour réguler l’ensemble du secteur, notamment la presse écrite et les médias en ligne. Par ailleurs, aucun calendrier clair n’existe pour l’adoption des lois nécessaires, et les procédures parlementaires actuellement prévues ne comportent aucun projet de loi visant à mettre en œuvre l’EMFA.

 

La pleine transposition de l’EMFA revêt une importance particulière dans le contexte des prochaines élections présidentielles de 2027, qui mettent en avant l’importance des thèmes clés soulevés tout au long de la mission : la protection de l’indépendance éditoriale et financière des médias de service public, la concentration accrue de la propriété des médias et ses effets négatifs sur le pluralisme médiatique, la protection des sources, ainsi que le maintien général d’un écosystème médiatique sain en France.

 

Menaces pesant sur les médias de service public

 

À l’heure où l’information publique et transparente est plus nécessaire que jamais, les médias de service public ne sont pas sortis indemnes de l’enquête parlementaire sur leur neutralité, leur fonctionnement et leur financement. Cette enquête constituait clairement une tentative visant à minimiser et à discréditer politiquement la valeur des médias de service public. Le rapport du député Charles Alloncle, qui a contribué à instaurer un climat de méfiance à l’égard des médias publics, a été critiqué pour son manque d’objectivité et pour avoir émis des recommandations contraires à l’EMFA.

 

Des initiatives telles que le contre-rapport de La Scam et une analyse d’Un bout Des Médias ont permis de mieux comprendre les effets néfastes que peuvent avoir de tels rapports politiquement orientés sur le pluralisme médiatique et la liberté de la presse. Toutefois, bien que l’ARCOM ait publié une étude sur l’impartialité des diffuseurs en France, le pays ne dispose toujours pas d’une initiative officielle et indépendante permettant d’évaluer le niveau des menaces pesant sur les médias de service public. 

 

Cette commission d’enquête marque un nouveau revers pour France Télévisions, qui se trouvait déjà dans une situation précaire à la suite de coupes budgétaires sans précédent en 2025. Ces coupes ont entraîné des licenciements, une réduction de la programmation et des craintes croissantes d’ingérence politique dans le contenu éditorial, alors même que le financement faisait l’objet d’un débat de plus en plus vif. 

 

La concentration des médias et l’intensification des pressions politiques sur l’indépendance éditoriale

 

Le principal cadre législatif français régissant la concentration des médias – la loi du 30 septembre 1986 sur la liberté de communication (loi Léotard) – est largement considéré comme obsolète et inadéquat face à l’émergence des conglomérats numériques et multiplateformes d’aujourd’hui. La mission a conclu que l’incapacité persistante à moderniser ce cadre constitue le problème structurel profond à l’origine de la détérioration de la liberté de la presse en France. La concentration des médias entre les mains d’une poignée de milliardaires industriels est au cœur des dangers qui menacent le pluralisme des médias : l’utilisation de l’information comme arme au service d’intérêts économiques et politiques spécifiques, l’orientation du débat public en fonction des agendas des actionnaires, voire l’ingérence directe dans la ligne éditoriale et le licenciement des journalistes qui ne s’y conforment pas. En 2025, RSF a constaté que des centaines de journalistes travaillant pour des médias appartenant à Vincent Bolloré étaient soumis à des clauses de confidentialité les empêchant de s’exprimer publiquement sur leurs conditions de travail. 

 

Le niveau déjà élevé de concentration des médias en France continue de s’accentuer avec la consolidation de conglomérats médiatiques tels que celui de Vincent Bolloré. Six groupes industriels contrôlent désormais la majeure partie du paysage médiatique national français. L’empire Vivendi de Bolloré en est l’exemple le plus marquant ; il englobe CNews, Canal+, Europe 1, le Journal du Dimanche, Paris Match et Prisma Media – le plus grand groupe de magazines français. Cet empire s’étend à la publicité et à la communication via Havas, à la musique, à la distribution, à l’édition et à la formation au journalisme. La mission a conclu qu’une telle intégration verticale au sein d’un seul groupe industriel représentait une concentration d’influence considérable et très préoccupante. 

 

L’empire de Bolloré se distingue également par son soutien à des opinions politiquement controversées et extrêmes, ainsi que par son ingérence directe dans les lignes éditoriales des rédactions, ce qui suscite des inquiétudes quant à la banalisation des idées d’extrême droite au sein du paysage médiatique français. 

 

À l’échelle régionale, la concentration entre les mains de quelques grands groupes de presse (Ebra, Centre-France, Sud-Ouest, Ouest-France, Rossel France, La Dépêche) contribue à l’aggravation des déserts médiatiques et, par conséquent, à l’affaiblissement du pluralisme des médias, ce qui pourrait avoir des répercussions négatives sur les résultats électoraux.

 

Pour y remédier, la mission salue la proposition de loi visant à empêcher la constitution de monopoles économiques dans les secteurs des médias et de l’édition, par la députée Sophie Taillé-Polian et adoptée par la commission des affaires culturelles de l’Assemblée nationale en février 2026. Nous appelons l’Assemblée nationale à donner la priorité à l’adoption d’une loi anti-monopole forte afin de protéger et de renforcer le pluralisme des médias en France. 

 

Enfin, l’article 22  du règlement européen sur la liberté des médias (EMFA) demande à la France de mettre en place un mécanisme d’évaluation des acquisitions dans le secteur des médias susceptibles de porter atteinte au pluralisme. Malheureusement, la France n’a pas encore mis en place un tel mécanisme.

 

Lors d’une réunion avec l’Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique (Arcom), la délégation a souligné la nécessité d’une plus grande transparence dans ses politiques. Bien que son approche habituelle consiste à trouver un juste milieu en intégrant les critiques en amont et en équilibrant les points de vue du public, la mission a souligné que la réglementation devait s’appuyer sur la loi et la réglementation européenne, notamment l’EMFA.  

 

Les partenaires de la mission appellent les autorités françaises à mettre en œuvre sans plus tarder les dispositions de l’EMFA relatives à la propriété des médias, à les appliquer aux acquisitions réalisées depuis août 2025 et à s’en servir pour évaluer, et si nécessaire, bloquer les acquisitions actuellement en cours.

 

La sécurité des professionnels des médias de plus en plus menacée

 

La délégation a fait part au ministère de l’Intérieur de sa profonde inquiétude concernant la sécurité des journalistes, soulignant l’absence persistante de mise en œuvre du Plan national de maintien de l’ordre (SNMO) sur le terrain. Que ce soit par manque de volonté politique, par ignorance ou par manque de moyens, le résultat est clair : la délégation a recensé des agressions répétées de journalistes par la police, souvent alors qu’ils étaient clairement identifiés. Depuis 2025, au moins 20 journalistes ont été agressés, dont sept ont subi des blessures graves. Parmi eux figure le cas d’Enzo Rabouy, qui a été frappé à la tête et laissé inconscient par un agent alors qu’il filmait les affrontements à distance après la finale de la Ligue des champions à Paris. D’autres agents des forces de l’ordre lui avaient prodigué les premiers soins. Bien que le ministère ait reconnu cet incident, il s’agit là d’un nouvel exemple de recours excessif à la force par la police. 

 

Au cours de la réunion, la délégation a entendu plusieurs déclarations faisant peser le poids de la responsabilité des agressions aux journalistes. La délégation a réaffirmé que les journalistes n’ont aucune obligation de s’identifier de manière visible, d’autant plus que nombre d’entre eux craignent que cela n’augmente le risque d’être pris pour cible par les manifestants. Si les journalistes doivent prendre les précautions de sécurité qui s’imposent, cela ne justifie en rien le recours à une force excessive de la part des forces de l’ordre. 

 

Les partenaires de la mission se sont également alarmés des informations selon lesquelles les sanctions administratives pour fautes professionnelles de la police ne seraient en pratique prises qu’après jugement définitif des tribunaux. Au-delà de la légalité contestable de ces pratiques présumées, le ministère de l’Intérieur n’a pas fourni d’explications claires sur la manière dont ces affaires sont traitées. Le Plan national sur la violence urbaine (SNVU), présenté en août dernier, a également été rétrogradé de stratégie nationale officielle à guide opérationnel (GOVU), sans reconnaître le statut particulier de la presse ni clarifier ses droits. 

 

L’hostilité croissante à l’égard des journalistes se manifeste également par les nombreuses menaces verbales, y compris les menaces de mort, et les agressions physiques dont ils font l’objet de la part d’individus privés. 

 

La mission a conforté nos préoccupations quant à la précarité et à l’incertitude auxquelles les pigistes sont confrontés, en particulier lorsqu’ils font l’objet de violences. Souvent, ils sont livrés à eux-mêmes pour subvenir à leurs besoins et à ceux de leur famille, tout en essayant de surmonter le traumatisme lié aux pressions constantes et aux atteintes à leur sécurité. Bénéficiant de peu de protection de la part des rédactions et d’une aide insuffisante de la part de l’État, les pigistes, et en particulier les journalistes en exil ou déplacés, sont confrontés à des obstacles considérables pour exercer leur métier. La mission souligne la nécessité d’un soutien constant aux pigistes et aux journalistes exilés, afin de garantir leur bien-être, leur sécurité et la poursuite de leur travail.

 

Une législation insuffisante en matière de protection des sources

 

Une autre question urgente concernant la liberté de la presse en France est l’insuffisance de la protection des sources des journalistes, ce qui, dans certains cas, dissuade des personnes d’aider la presse à informer le public sur des sujets d’intérêt général. Les journalistes rencontrés par la mission ont formulé trois séries de revendications à l’intention des autorités françaises, notamment une réforme de la loi sur la protection des sources et une réforme de la loi de 2021 sur les médias, afin de prévoir une protection solide contre la surveillance des journalistes et de leurs sources. 

 

Nos organisations appellent donc les autorités françaises à mettre en place des dispositifs efficaces de soutien aux journalistes et à leurs sources, par le biais de mécanismes de protection nationaux tels qu’il existe aux Pays-Bas (Persveilig), ainsi qu’à apporter un soutien supplémentaire et personnalisé dans les cas les plus graves.

 

Poursuites judiciaires abusives et transposition insuffisante de la directive anti-SLAPP

 

Les poursuites judiciaires abusives constituent depuis longtemps l’une des principales menaces pesant sur la liberté de la presse en France. Alors que le gouvernement français avait initialement envisagé une transposition plus large de la directive européenne anti-SLAPP, consacrant deux ans à l’élaboration d’un projet de loi s’appuyant sur les recommandations des États généraux de l’information (EGI), il a adopté un décret le 5 mai 2026 sans consulter la société civile ni les autres parties prenantes.

 

Bien que ce décret étende certaines protections aux affaires nationales et ne se limite pas aux poursuites transfrontalières, il a été largement critiqué comme étant insuffisant, inadéquat et incapable de résoudre efficacement le problème des poursuites stratégiques contre la participation publique (SLAPPs). Plus préoccupant encore, le décret ne s’applique qu’aux procédures civiles. Les affaires pénales de diffamation, qui constituent une part importante des poursuites en diffamation auxquelles sont confrontés les médias et les journalistes, sont exclues des nouvelles protections. En conséquence, un grand nombre de SLAPPs, aussi connues sous le nom de “procédures bâillon”  restent hors du champ d’application des garanties introduites par le décret.

 

Par ailleurs, plusieurs réformes clés qui avaient été proposées lors de la phase initiale de rédaction ont finalement été exclues du décret, notamment le renforcement des sanctions à l’encontre des plaignants dans le cadre de procédures bâillon, le renversement de la charge de la preuve et les mesures visant à régler les questions de droit international privé. On peut considérer qu’une transposition aussi limitée de la directive reflète un manque de volonté politique de prendre des mesures concrètes contre les procédures bâillon.

 

La délégation rencontrera le ministère de la Justice le 1er juillet afin de discuter plus en détail du recours croissant aux poursuites pour diffamation et des recommandations en matière de réforme législative.

 

Les partenaires de la mission publieront un rapport présentant leurs conclusions et formulant des recommandations à l’intention des autorités françaises. Ce rapport sera également transmis au Conseil de l’Europe, à l’Union européenne et aux organisatio

This mission statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

Allgemein

France: MFRR partners and RSF to carry out media…

France: MFRR partners and RSF to carry out media freedom mission in Paris

Partner organisations of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), together with Reporters Without Borders (RSF), will travel to Paris from 9 to 11 June 2026 to assess the current state of media freedom in France less than a year before the presidential elections. 

04.06.2026

While France’s legal and regulatory framework is generally supportive of media freedom, there has been an alarming increase in the number and severity of attacks documented on journalists and media outlets in recent years. As of 3 June 2026, 376 violations of press freedom affecting 590 media professionals had been documented since 2023 on Mapping Media Freedom database. In 2025, the most frequent type of attacks were verbal abuse (40.6%), followed by interference (26%), legal threats (19%), physical attacks (18%), and attacks on property (12%). In the absence of adequate legislation, media concentration continues to increase, and the safeguards designed to ensure genuine protection of journalistic sources have proven to be insufficient.

 

Led by the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and joined by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ARTICLE 19 Europe, the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF), Free Press Unlimited (FPU), and the International Press Institute (IPI), the mission will engage with journalists, government officials, legal experts, civil society organisations, including the French observatory OFALP, official partner of the MFRR, to evaluate the critical threats to media freedom. It is organised with the support of local partners, the journalists’ trade unions SNJ, SNJ-CGT, and CFDT-Journalistes.

 

Key areas of concern

 

The mission will focus on the following key areas of concern:

  • Attacks on public service media: France Télévisions faced unprecedented funding cuts in 2025, leading to layoffs, reduced programming and fears of political influence over editorial content, as funding became the subject of growing debate. A parliamentary inquiry into the “neutrality, operation, and funding of public broadcasting” led to 70 recommendations which were strongly criticised as a political attempt to discredit and undermine the role of public service media.
  • Stalled EMFA implementation: France has yet to align with the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), which entered into force in August 2025 and provides mechanisms to protect media independence and pluralism. Key provisions remain unimplemented, including requirements for transparency on media ownership and funding, safeguards against political interference in the appointment and dismissal of public service media leadership, and protections for editorial independence.
  • Media landscape highly concentrated in the hands of a few billionaires: Multimillionnaire Vincent Bolloré, in particular, has built a media empire that has expanded significantly in the run-up to the 2027 presidential elections, exercising direct control over a dominant share of French televisions (CNews, most-watched TV channel in 2025), radio (Europe 1), publishing houses and advertising, with an editorial policy aligned with the far-right. The current law is considered outdated and ineffective in preventing such concentration.
  • Rising cases of SLAPPs: Recent cases of defamation lawsuits have shown that Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are increasingly used to silence journalists and undermine media outlets. On 7 May, a new decree transposing the European Union’s anti-SLAPP directive was adopted with minimal protections and without parliamentary debate, demonstrating a lack of ambition to protect journalists from judicial harassment.
  • Weak law on protection of sources. The vague wording of the 2010 legislation coupled with weak safeguards, has enabled judicial harassment against journalists. Two recent cases raised concerns about source protection: Ariane Lavrilleux of Disclose and Philippe Miller of Warning Trading. 
  • Journalists at risk during protests. Physical safety of journalists remains a persistent concern. As of 3 June, 20 journalists have been assaulted by law enforcement officers, since 2025, despite clearly identifying themselves as members of the press. Seven journalists suffered injuries, including photojournalist Anna Margueritat who was struck in the face, following a police charge  on 1 May.  Most recently, freelance journalist Enzo Rabouy was hit with a baton and left unconscious while filming the violent clashes after the Champions League final in Paris – another stark reminder of the risks journalists face while covering demonstrations. Seriously injured, police officers provided him with first aid.

 

A detailed statement will be produced shortly after the mission sharing the preliminary findings. Following the mission, the coalition will also publish a report based on the mission findings, which will include recommendations. 

 

Media inquiries: Camille Petit, camille@europeanjournalists.org; Camille Magnissalis, cmagnissalis@europeanjournalists.org

France : La liberté de la presse au coeur de la mission organisée par les partenaires du MFRR et RSF à Paris du 9 au 11 juin

 

Les organisations partenaires du Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), en collaboration avec Reporters sans frontières (RSF), se rendront à Paris du 9 au 11 juin 2026 afin d’évaluer l’état actuel de la liberté de la presse en France, à moins d’un an de l’élection présidentielle. 

 

Si le cadre juridique et réglementaire français est globalement favorable à la liberté de la presse, on constate depuis quelques années une forte augmentation du nombre et de la gravité des attaques visant des journalistes et des médias. Au 3 juin 2026, 376 violations de la liberté de la presse touchant 590 professionnels des médias ont été documentées sur la plateforme Mapping Media Freedom depuis 2023. En 2025, les agressions verbales (40,6 %) constituaient le type d’attaque le plus fréquent, suivies par les ingérences (26 %), les menaces judiciaires (19 %), les agressions physiques (18 %) et les atteintes aux biens (12 %). En l’absence d’une législation adéquate, la concentration des médias continue de s’accroître et les garanties destinées à assurer une véritable protection des sources journalistiques se sont révélées insuffisantes.

 

Portée par la Fédération européenne des journalistes (FEJ), en collaboration avec Reporters sans frontières (RSF), ARTICLE 19 Europe, le Centre européen pour la liberté de la presse et des médias (ECPMF), Free Press Unlimited (FPU) et l’Institut international de la presse (IPI), la mission consultera des journalistes, des responsables gouvernementaux, des experts et des organisations de la société civile, dont Observatoire français des atteintes à la liberté de la presse (OFALP) partenaire officiel du consortium Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), afin d’évaluer les menaces majeures qui pèsent sur la liberté de la presse. La mission est organisée avec le soutien de partenaires locaux, les syndicats de journalistes SNJ, SNJ-CGT et CFDT-Journalistes.

 

Principaux sujets de préoccupation

La mission se concentrera sur les principaux sujets de préoccupation suivants :

 

    • Attaques contre les médias de service public. France Télévisions a été confrontée à des coupes budgétaires sans précédent en 2025, entraînant des licenciements, une réduction de la programmation et des craintes d’ingérence politique sur le contenu éditorial, alors que le financement faisait l’objet d’un débat de plus en plus vif. Une enquête parlementaire sur « la neutralité, le fonctionnement et le financement de l’audiovisuel public » a donné lieu à 70 recommandations qui ont été vivement critiquées comme une tentative politique visant à discréditer et à affaiblir le rôle des médias de service public.
  • Transposition de l’EMFA à la peine. La France peine à mettre en œuvre le règlement européen sur la liberté des médias (EMFA), entré en vigueur en août 2025. Ce texte vise à protéger l’indépendance et la pluralité des médias. Certaines dispositions clés, telles que les exigences en matière de transparence concernant la gouvernance et le financement des médias, les garanties contre l’ingérence politique dans la nomination et la destitution des dirigeants des services publics de médias, ainsi que les protections de l’indépendance éditoriale, n’ont pas encore été mises en œuvre.
  • Un paysage médiatique fortement concentré entre les mains de milliardaires. Le multimillionnaire Vincent Bolloré, en particulier, a bâti un empire médiatique qui s’est considérablement développé à l’approche des élections présidentielles de 2027, exerçant un contrôle direct sur une part prépondérante des chaînes de télévision françaises (CNews, première chaîne de télévision en termes d’audience en 2025), de la radio (Europe 1), des maisons d’édition et de la publicité, avec une ligne éditoriale alignée sur l’extrême droite. La législation actuelle est considérée comme obsolète et inefficace pour empêcher une telle concentration.
    • Les “procédures-bâillon” en hausse. Des affaires récentes de poursuites pour diffamation ont montré que les procédures abusives, appelées « procédures bâillon » (SLAPPs), sont de plus en plus utilisées pour réduire les journalistes au silence et affaiblir les médias. Le 7 mai, un nouveau décret transposant la directive anti-SLAPP de l’Union européenne a été adopté avec des garanties minimales, sans débat parlementaire, traduisant ainsi un manque d’ambition dans la protection des journalistes contre le harcèlement judiciaire.
  • Une législation insuffisante en matière de protection des sources. La formulation vague de la loi de 2010, combinée à des garanties insuffisantes, a ouvert la voie à des poursuites judiciaires abusives à l’encontre de journalistes. Deux affaires récentes ont suscité des inquiétudes quant à la protection des sources : celles dAriane Lavrilleux, de Disclose, et de Philippe Miller, de Warning Trading.  
  • Risques encourus par les journalistes lors des manifestations. La sécurité physique des journalistes reste une préoccupation constante. Au 3 juin, 20 journalistes ont été agressés par des agents des forces de l’ordre depuis 2025, alors qu’ils étaient clairement identifiés comme membres de la presse. Sept journalistes ont été blessés, dont la photojournaliste Anna Margueritat, qui a été frappée au visage lors d’une charge de la police le 1er mai. Plus récemment, le journaliste indépendant Enzo Rabouy a été frappé à coups de matraque et a été laissé inconscient alors qu’il filmait les violents affrontements qui ont suivi la finale de la Ligue des champions à Paris – un autre rappel brutal des risques auxquels sont exposés les journalistes lorsqu’ils couvrent des manifestations. Gravement blessé, il a reçu les premiers soins de la part des agents de police.

 

Un communiqué détaillant les conclusions préliminaires sera publié après la mission. Le MFRR et RSF publieront également un rapport s’appuyant sur les conclusions de la mission et incluant des recommandations.

 

Contact presse : Camille Petit, camille@europeanjournalists.org; Camille Magnissalis, cmagnissalis@europeanjournalists.org

This mission is being coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

Allgemein

France: MFRR condemns new resurgence of police violence against…

France: MFRR condemn new resurgence of police violence against journalists

At least six journalists have been injured since early September while covering the protests against the 2026 national budget plan. The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners condemn the deliberate violence by law enforcement officers and call once again on the French authorities to protect and recognise the work of journalists as essential during protests.

25.09.2025

On 18 September 2025, a journalist from the public television channel France 2 was hospitalised in Lyon after being injured while covering the second day of the “Bloquons tout” (Block Everything) protests against the French government. The journalist suffered burns and tinnitus after a projectile – believed to have been fired by a police officer – hit him in the back and tore his shirt. 

 

 

This incident is part of a broader pattern documented by Mapping Media Freedom (MapMF), with at least five other assaults on journalists by law enforcement reported earlier this month. On 10 September, on the first day of the national strike in Montpellier, the reporter Samuel Clauzier was strangled and had his camera destroyed. In Paris, four more journalists were assaulted, with two injured while covering the protests: they were subjected to tear gas, beatings and shoving. 

 

 

The situation is particularly alarming considering the country’s history of police violence targeting journalists and demonstrators during previous social movements. In anticipation of the upcoming protests, the Ministry of Interior quietly published a new document in July 2025, the National Urban Violence Scheme (SNVU), presented as a practical guide for law enforcement. Unlike the National Law Enforcement Plan (SNMO) of 2020, which legally guaranteed protection for journalists covering nationwide demonstrations, the SNVU initially ignored the role of journalists in the specific context of “urban violence”. It stated that “the consideration of journalists’ status as enshrined in the national law enforcement plan does not apply”. Following strong criticism from journalists’ organisations, the Interior Ministry eventually withdrew this wording. 

 

 

The MFRR partners call for an independent and swift investigation into the registered attacks, and reiterate that journalists who document social movements and police actions do so in the public interest. With a new day of mobilisation now planned for 2 October, we demand an end to police violence, and call for unambiguous protection for journalists, including during clashes, in order to safeguard the fundamental right to information.

 

Our organisations will continue to closely monitor the situation and provide support to journalists in need.

Signed by:

  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • OBC Transeuropa (OBCT)
  • ARTICLE 19 Europe

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

Library

France: MFRR renews calls to end police violence after…

France: MFRR and RSF renew calls to end police violence after new attacks on journalists at May Day protest

Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners and Reporters Without Borders (RSF) today condemn state security forces’ deliberate violence against journalists covering the International Workers’ Day protest in Paris on 1 May, including physical violence and arbitrary confiscation of protective masks. We call on the French authorities to rigorously enforce national safety protocols to protect media workers and end recurring police violence against the press during demonstrations.

14.05.2025

Under the Ministry of Interior’s National Law Enforcement Plan (SNMO), state security must ensure journalists’ rights to cover law enforcement operations, protect them, and allow protective equipment. The recent incidents of violence, documented in multiple videos posted to social media, raise grave concerns about the increasingly dangerous environment in which journalists are operating while covering public demonstrations in France. National safety protocols for journalists have been openly ignored for years.

 

Among the eight incidents documented on 1 May, three journalists were reportedly assaulted by state security officers despite being identifiable as members of the press. Among them was a freelance journalist who was pushed and beaten, AB7 Média reporter Laurent Bigot, who was violently thrown to the ground and bludgeoned. Dyf news agency photojournalist Axel Gras suffered a mild concussion after being hit in the head. In June 2024, Gras was previously injured by another police officer during a demonstration.

 

In addition to police violence, five Spanish freelancers, Miquel Muñoz, Joan Gálvez, Adria Tur, Axel Miranda, and Marti Segura, reportedly had their protective masks arbitrarily confiscated. While contesting this decision, they were allegedly threatened with 24 hours of police custody and were ultimately unable to retrieve them after the demonstration. The cases documented on 1 May are not isolated occurrences.

 

In March 2025, journalist Clément Lanot was reporting from an anti-racism demonstration when he was struck in the head while wearing a helmet by a police officer, who was later cleared of any responsibility in the attack.

 

Since 2019, Mapping Media Freedom data indicates that journalists attacked by police during demonstrations in France are injured in most cases.

 

The MFRR consortium and RSF strongly urge independent and thorough investigations into the documented attacks and sanctions for the perpetrators. Ensuring justice for the attacks is paramount to send an unequivocal signal that violence and threats against journalists can no longer be tolerated, and to discourage further police violence.

 

We also call upon French state security forces to fully implement and rigorously enforce the National Law Enforcement Plan, which includes training for law enforcement officers on journalists’ rights. Police violence against journalists reporting from protests and demonstrations must stop immediately to protect the fundamental rights of access to information and press freedom.

Signed by:

  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • Osservatorio Balcani Caucaso Transeuropa (OBCT)
  • Reporters Without Borders (RSF)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries.

Reporters Without Borders Library

France: Media freedom coalition condemns Vivendi’s disinformation campaign against…

France: Media freedom coalition condemns Vivendi’s disinformation campaign against Reporters Without Borders

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners strongly condemn the cyber disinformation campaign against the press freedom organisation Reporters Without Borders (RSF). The attacks have been orchestrated by the Paris-based communications agency “Progressif Media”, whose minor stakeholder is the Vivendi Group, a French mass-media holding company controlled by media tycoon Vincent Bolloré. The MFRR stands in full solidarity with RSF and urges a swift and thorough investigation into the disinformation campaign.

On 4 July, RSF revealed a two-month investigation, which included information from an internal Progressif Media document entitled “Vivendi Report”. This document detailed attacks aimed at portraying the press freedom organisation as wanting to “change the French audiovisual landscape according to its vision of pluralism”, while positioning the Vivendi-controlled CNews channel as the only place in favour of freedom of expression, in a context where CNews is among the candidate media being examined for the renewal of its TNT frequency for 2025. According to RSF, the attacks were triggered by a decision of the Council of State on 13 February which ordered, at the request of RSF, that the French audiovisual and digital communications authority (ARCOM) improve its enforcement of the the independence and pluralism of Cnews, one of the most sanctioned French channels, along with C8.

 

In the scope of its attacks on RSF,  Progressif Media used a method called “cybersquatting“, a malicious strategy of buying domains with names similar to RSF’s, to denigrate the press freedom organisation. Of the five domains bought, one was active and called “Sectarians without Borders”: this was a fake RSF site that the attackers had paid to be ranked highly by Google’s algorithm to spread the same orchestrated messages against RSF, including the creation of pre-prepared hate tweets that Internet users could select and post from their own X accounts. The site was taken down on 8 July, a few days after RSF exposed Vivendi’s attacks.

 

RSF’s investigation into the name, web server and real IP address of “Sectarians Without Borders” led RSF to identify similar IT characteristics of a number of existing sites, including two inactive domain names linked to Jean-Marie Le Pen, founder of the far-right National Front party (now Rassemblement National), and two active sites: “the CNews fan collective” and “The Corsairs of France”, which first promoted “Sectarians Without Borders” on X on 20 February and called on its 16,000 followers to “fight” against RSF through a defamatory video shared on X on 6 March. Meanwhile, discrediting comments about RSF have also been broadcast on Vivendi’s channels, including on Radio Europe 1, a station previously criticised by RSF for its alleged lack of editorial independence, respect for pluralism, and honest reporting since its takeover by Vivendi in 2021.

 

“Counterfeiting, concealment, cybersquatting, trolling, disinformation…these practices are not so recent, but this is the first time a company operating under French law has used these gangster methods to serve the interests of a French media group (Vivendi) [and] promote Cnews.  You cannot defend information and orchestrate a disinformation campaign at the same time,” said Arnaud Froger, head of the RSF investigation office, in conversation with the MFRR. According to Froger, the Vivendi group would have told RSF that it was unaware of practices described in the press freedom group’s investigation and recalled its minority stake in Progressive  Media.Vivendi did, however, acknowledge links between Progressif Media and Canal+, a major French TV channel owned by Bolloré.

 

More widely, the disinformation campaign against RSF comes in the context of a growing threat to media pluralism in France noted by independent observers. In a new report, the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM), an annual study conducted by the Robert Schuman Centre, referred for the first time this year directly to “predatory strategies of media tycoons such as Vincent Bolloré”, highlighting the businessman’s alleged role in the growing influence of commercial interests and owners in media, arguing that this influence created a threat to media pluralism due to “oligopolistic control” and “the ensuing ideological polarisation” allegedly created by media outlets owned by Bolloré-controlled structures.

 

In this context, the MFRR stands in solidarity with RSF and all the organisations defending press and media freedom who are under pressure from the Vivendi group to silence their critical voices and to put forward those of the Bolloré programs. It is essential to resist intimidation in order to continue the fight against disinformation and for the right to freedom of expression, the cornerstone of democratic discourse.

Signed by:

  • The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • ARTICLE 19 Europe
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • Osservatorio Balcani Caucaso Transeuropa (OBCT)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and candidate countries. 

Ariane Lavrilleux Library

France: IPI condemns arrest of investigative journalist Ariane Lavrilleux

France: IPI condemns arrest of investigative journalist Ariane Lavrilleux

Journalist for Disclose detained for alleged violation of national security secrets.

The International Press Institute (IPI) today condemns the arrest and interrogation of French journalist Ariane Lavrilleux and demands her immediate release from custody. IPI further calls on French law enforcement authorities to ensure full respect for international media freedom standards on source protection.

 

Lavrilleux, a journalist with French non-profit investigative platform Disclose was taken into custody on Tuesday 19 September after a dawn raid on her home by officers from the domestic intelligence agency, the DGSI. Her apartment was searched and her computer was confiscated, in the presence of a judge, according to media reports.

 

The journalist was taken to the DGSI headquarters in Marseille and questioned for several hours in the presence of her lawyer as part of an investigation into the publication of highly confidential documents in the investigative series, the “Egypt Papers”. She remained in custody overnight and into Wednesday 20 September.

 

In November 2021, Lavrilleux had co-authored and published the Egypt Papers, an investigative series based on hundreds of leaked documents which revealed how information gathered by French counter-intelligence bodies was abused by the Egyptian military to carry out a campaign of bombings and arbitrary killings of alleged smugglers and innocent civilians.

 

At the time, Disclose had issued a statement justifying its decision to publish the confidential information, citing the evidence of the French state’s potential complicity in serious human rights abuses committed by a foreign regime, and the public’s right to know about such matters of public interest.

 

In July 2022, prosecutors in Paris opened an investigation that was later handed over to the DGSI. They alleged the publication had compromised national defence secrets and revealed information that could lead to the identification of a protected agent. It is unclear whether any intelligence official was compromised.

 

“IPI is highly alarmed by the continued detention and interrogation of Ariane Lavrilleux and urges the General Directorate for Internal Security to proceed with extreme caution and full respect for French law and international legal standards regarding journalistic source protection”, IPI Executive Director Frane Maroevic said. “Any charges against Lavrilleux must be dropped immediately and all pressure on Disclose and its journalists related to their investigative work must cease.

 

“The arrest of an investigative journalist is extremely serious, as it has major ramifications for press freedom”, he added. “Journalists’ right to protect their sources is enshrined in national and international law as it essential for journalists to expose wrongdoing and hold power to account. The public interest defense of revealing the information published in Disclose’s investigative reporting on the Egyptian military is clear. IPI and our global network stand behind Lavrilleux and her colleagues at Disclose and will continue to monitor the situation closely.”

 

The arrest of Lavrilleux is believed to be the first time since 2007 that the home of a French journalist had been searched by police.

 

In a statement released immediately after the arrest, Disclose said: “The aim of this latest episode of unacceptable intimidation of Disclose journalists is clear: to identify our sources that revealed the Sirli military operation in Egypt. In November 2021, Disclose revealed an alleged campaign of arbitrary executions orchestrated by the Egyptian dictatorship of President Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, with the complicity of the French state, based on several hundred documents marked ‘defence – confidential”.

 

Maroevic added that IPI had been in contact with staff at Disclose after the arrest and has offered to help provide legal support through the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a European consortium which offers legal aid. He noted that the arrest was the latest in a number of worrying incidents involving the interrogation of journalists from Disclose in relation to their reporting on the Egyptian government, and its sources for those stories.

This statement was coordinated as part of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and candidate countries.

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France: Three journalists summoned by security agency over suspected…

France: Three journalists summoned by security agency over suspected violation of national defence secrecy

The partner organisations of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) today express concern over the latest summons issued by France’s top security agency to journalists from investigative platform Disclose and public broadcaster Radio France over the suspected violation of national secrecy in connection with their reporting on the armed forces.

Our organisations raise the alarm that the three journalists summoned for voluntary questioning could face potential prison sentences of up to five years and a fine of €75,000 if charged and ultimately found guilty. We therefore urge the General Directorate of Internal Security (DGSI) to seriously consider the implications of this case for press freedom.

 

The trio – Geoffrey Livolsi, co-founder of investigative media outlet Disclose, Jacques Monin, head of investigations at Radio France and Benoît Collombat, an investigative journalist at Radio France – have been summoned to the DGSI for questioning on 14 December as part of an ongoing judicial investigation into alleged violation of national defence secrecy.

 

The summons is linked to a March 2018 investigation authored by Collombat and Livolsi, entitled “Air transport: suspicions of influence peddling in the army”, which reported that the National Financial Prosecutor’s Office (PNF) was probing allegations of financial misconduct in the military. The article revealed that high-ranking officers including a named official of the Special Operations Command (COS) were being investigated over alleged air transport subcontracting fraud.

 

The trio are due to be questioned on the suspicion that they “committed or attempted to commit the offense of revealing or disclosing information allowing the identification of a member of a special forces unit”. According to reports, the summons comes after an unnamed former member of the French special forces filed a complaint. Livolsi from Disclose has stressed that all the officers named in the investigation work in the logistics services of the army, rather than on a mission or in a conflict area and were not in any danger. Both Disclose and Radio France stand by the accuracy and public interest nature of the publication.

 

Our organisations note that this summons is part of a wider pattern of criminal investigations against media by DGSI in recent years. Journalists from Disclose and Radio France were the subject of a separate investigation in 2019. That summons was based on a complaint by the Ministry of the Armed Forces about publication of classified information about French complicity in supplying weapons to Saudi Arabia which were used to commit war crimes in Yemen. In that case, the DGSI questioned the two co-founders of Disclose and Collombat about a potential violation of national secrecy and attempted to identify their sources.

 

A second investigation into Disclose was then initiated in November 2021 in connection with its revelations about the alleged complicity of French military intelligence in the arbitrary executions of civilians in Egypt. That time, the Ministry of the Armed Forces filed a complaint alleging the non-profit platform had violated national defence secrecy. Both of these previous probes targeted legitimate and public interest journalism which had led to serious questions and criticism about the operations of the French military and intelligence services. 

 

As in those cases, this summons has serious implications for media freedom. Firstly, serious questions arise as to why this complaint was made now, nearly five years after the journalists’ investigation was published. Moreover, as this probe is being conducted within the scope of national security, the DGSI has the full range of investigatory powers at its disposal, including the use of surveillance tools. This not  only creates a stressful climate for the media outlets but could also discourage sources and potential whisteblowers from speaking out.

 

Our organisations recognise the challenges which come with striking the right balance between safeguarding press freedom and protecting national security. However, it is vital for democracy that journalists and media outlets carrying out investigative reporting on matters of public interest, including about the armed forces and even the special forces, must be able to work free from all forms of pressure or retaliation.

 

Ahead of the summons on Wednesday December 14, our organisations emphasise that we will closely monitor developments and will respond strongly to further escalations which negatively affect the freedom of the press. If required, we also stand ready to provide assistance to the affected journalists through our MFRR legal support fund.

Signed by:

  • ARTICLE 19 Europe
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • OBC Transeuropa (OBCT)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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France: EFJ statement on four journalists who were shot…

France: EFJ statement on four journalists who were shot at in Martinique

Four French journalists covering the protests against the Covid-19 rules and civil unrest in Martinique have been fired upon three times. The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) joined its affiliates in France (SNJ, SNJ-CGT, CFDT-Journalistes) in expressing full support to the targeted journalists and strongly condemning a new attack on press freedom, which must be promptly investigated by the French authorities.

On the night of the 25 and 26 November 2021, photographer Loïc Venance from Agence France-Presse (AFP), journalists Maureen Lehoux and cameraman Julien Taureau from BFMTV/RMC Sport and journalist Raphaël Lafargue from Abaca Press were filming and taking pictures of a burning roadblock from a quiet street near the Levassor canal in Fort-de-France. The street was at the time deserted when two men on motorbikes drove by and started firing at them. No bullets hit them and they managed to flee the scene quickly, going for cover in their vehicle parked nearby and drove away.

Authorities on the Caribbean island of Martinique ordered a curfew yesterday after protesters looted stores and burned barricades amid strong protests over Covid-19 measures in the French overseas territories. A general strike started five days ago, notably against the compulsory vaccination of health workers. It is reported that seven policemen have been injured last night in Fort-de-France.

EFJ General Secretary Ricardo Gutiérrez said: “The civil unrest in Martinique reflects a complex situation that is exacerbated by the virus and all that it entails, so it is crucial that journalists be able to do their work freely and safely in order to best inform the public and the rest of the world about what is happening there. We give them all our support. We have taken the matter to the Platform for the protection of journalists of the Council of Europe.”

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France: Journalist Thomas Dietrich interrogated for two hours by…

France: Journalist Thomas Dietrich interrogated for two hours by police

Police summoned Le Média journalist Thomas Dietrich to Puteaux police station (Paris), where he was interrogated for two hours over a recent journalistic investigation. The International and European Federations of Journalists (IFJ/EFJ) joined their affiliate in France, the SNJ-CGT, in denouncing the attempted intimidation and have called on the authorities to dismiss the groundless complaint against him.

The summons followed a complaint filed by the former head of the Chadian political police, Mahamat Ismaël Chaïbo, for “threats to commit a crime or an offence” after the journalist went to his home in Paris to ask him questions. The journalist denied making any threat during the interview with Chaïbo, which took place last week on the doorstep of his apartment and was recorded. During the interview, Chaïbo responded to a few questions and eventually called his lawyer, saying a journalist was asking “dumb questions” and requested him to “prepare a complaint”.

Dietrich was released after three hours in custody, during which the police asked him questions for two hours regarding Chaibo’s allegations of threats. No charges have been filed against the journalist but the complaint has not been dismissed. Dietrich says he believes the action was designed to pressure him to stop his investigation and find his sources.

Dietrich is an experienced journalist who has been investigating Franco-African relations and crimes committed by authoritarian regimes close to French governments for several years.

“We can only be astonished at the speed of these intimidation maneuvers by the French police against our journalist, even though the authorities have twice allowed Mr. Chaïbo to return to Chad, despite his summons and the publication of our investigation,” said Le Média in a press release.

The French journalists’ union SNJ-CGT denounced the move as a clear attack on the right to information: “This obvious desire to put pressure on a journalist who is well known to the Chadian services and the government in power is intolerable. The SNJ-CGT is doing everything in its power to ensure the safety of a journalist who is in the sights of the Chadian regime and some Franco-African networks, so that he can continue his investigations,” said deputy secretary for International affairs Pablo Aiquel.

IFJ General Secretary, Anthony Bellanger, said: “We cannot accept that the authorities harass and judicially pressure a journalist to stop him from doing his job. We stand in solidarity with Thomas and urge this groundless case to be closed.”

EFJ General Secretary Ricardo Gutiérrez added: “This case is serious as it is an attempt to intimidate a journalist and interfere with his investigative work. Thomas Dietrich was only doing his job as a journalist, asking questions and confronting the facts. His case must be closed immediately.”