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Cyprus pauses fake news law to consult media stakeholders

Cyprus pauses fake news law to consult media stakeholders 

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium welcomes the decision to pause the passage of the law criminalizing fake news and to hold  an expert committee meeting on media freedom in Cyprus. The discussion comes at a critical juncture, as concerns grow over draft legislation to criminalize offensive content and “fake news”. A freshly published article on media freedom in Cyprus gives an overview on the current situation for journalists on the island.

The meeting, set up by the Cypriot Minister of Justice and scheduled for 11 October 2024, follows the discussion of the Cyprus Parliament’s Legal Committee on a possible amendment to the nation’s Criminal code, aiming to curb “fake news”. 

 

The Union of Cyprus Journalists, the Cyprus Committee of Media Ethics, the Cyprus Association of Newspaper & Magazine Publishers, the Cyprus Organization of Internet Publishers, the Cyprus Institute of Mass Communication and the Cyprus Bar Association have been invited to attend. All organizations will have a representative and their legal counsel present.

 

The International Press Institute (IPI), as part of the MFRR, has published an overview of the current media landscape in Cyprus, and the risks to media freedom posed by the draft law. 

 

The MFRR has warned that the amendment could stifle independent journalism and encourage self-censorship. Our consortium advocates for media regulations that promote transparency and free expression, while opposing punitive measures that could infringe on these rights. We  caution governments against adopting legal provisions criminalizing disinformation, given the risk of a chilling effect on press freedom and free speech. 

 

Ahead of the meeting, the MFRR renews its call for alignment with international standards, urging the Cypriot government to withdraw the proposed amendment.

Signed by:

  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
  • OBC Transeuropa (OBCT)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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SafeJournalists and MFRR: Smear campaigns against independent media and…

SafeJournalists and MFRR: Smear campaigns against independent media and civil society organizations must stop

SafeJournalists Network and organizations of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) strongly condemn the attacks on the Council of Media Ethics of Albania (KSHM) and the think tank – Center Science and Innovation for Development (SCiDEV) that has issued a shadow report on media freedom in Albania, as well as on researcher Blerjana Bino.

In early October 2024, the Council of Media Ethics of Albania (KSHM) became the target of coordinated smear campaigns by two online platforms, Sot.com.al and Prapaskena.com. These incidents mark a disturbing trend of hostility toward independent media and civil society organizations, heightening concerns among watchdog groups and advocates for media freedom.

 

On 6 October, Prapaskena.com escalated the attacks by targeting Blerjana Bino, a SafeJournalists researcher and executive director of SCiDEV, along with the independent think tanks SCiDEV and OBCT. The attack came in response to their publication of a shadow report on media freedom in Albania. Published on 25 July, the report focused on the third section of the Commission’s 2024 Rule of Law Report, dedicated to media freedom and pluralism, to provide an updated analysis of the Albanian media landscape, including remaining and emerging challenges. Prapaskena.com slandered Bino, referring to her as “The ‘Spider’ of civil society funds” and falsely accusing her of producing biased reports on attacks against journalists. The picture of Bino used to illustrate the defamatory article also endangered Bino’s safety by inciting hatred against her. These defamatory attacks undermine the credibility of independent voices and organizations working to protect media freedom and uphold ethical journalism in Albania.

 

The initial attack, launched by Sot.com.al, followed a ruling by KSHM’s Board of Ethics regarding a complaint filed against the Sot media outlet. In what appeared to be a retaliatory move, Sot.com.al framed KSHM’s decision as a violation of press freedom, portraying the Board’s oversight as oppressive and unjust. This response not only distorts the role of KSHM in promoting ethical journalism but also threatens the integrity of the self-regulatory framework designed to uphold media standards. KSHM strongly condemned the article as slanderous, highlighting a concerning trend of media retaliation against regulatory bodies rather than engaging constructively with ethical standards in journalism.

 

Simultaneously, Prapaskena.com launched its attack, shortly after KSHM issued a public statement opposing the closure of online platforms in Albania. Echoing the rhetoric of Sot.com.al, Prapaskena.com used similar inflammatory language to discredit KSHM’s stance, further escalating the campaign against independent oversight and ethical journalism in the country.

 

These coordinated attacks, which aim to discredit ethical journalism and undermine the work of independent organizations and researchers in protecting media freedom and journalist safety in Albania, are deeply concerning and represent a broader trend of intimidation and hostility toward independent civil society in Albania. Such tactics harm not only the individuals and organizations involved but also the core principles of press freedom, transparency, and accountability that are fundamental to a democratic society.

 

SafeJournalists Network and the MFRR call for an immediate cessation of these attacks and urge all stakeholders to respect the role of independent self-regulatory bodies, think tanks, and researchers in promoting media freedom and integrity, ethical standards, and transparency in the media sector. To further strengthen an environment that is enabling media freedom and the safety of journalists, we welcome and support scientific scrutiny, and evidence-based and open dialogue on issues related to media freedom and the protection of journalists.

 

We stand in solidarity with KSHM, SCiDEV, and Blerjana Bino, and we call on the Albanian authorities to ensure that independent media and civil society organizations can carry out their vital work without fear of retaliation or defamation.

 

In addition, SafeJournalists Network and MFRR strongly defend their colleague Blerjana Bino and reaffirm their unwavering support for her critical, professional, and ethical work in advancing media freedom and transparency in Albania.

Signed by:

SafeJournalists Network

  • Association of Journalists of Kosovo
  • Association of Journalists of Macedonia
  • BH Journalists Association
  • Croatian Journalists’ Association
  • Independent Journalists Association of Serbia
  • Trade Union of Media of Montenegro

Media Freedom Rapid Response

  • The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • OBC Transeuropa (OBCT)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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Polish journalism stuck at the crossroads

Polish journalism stuck at the crossroads

On 16–17 September 2024, the MFRR partner organisations conducted an advocacy mission to Warsaw, Poland, as a follow-up to the fact-finding mission of 2023. In light of the change in government, the focus of this year’s mission was on measures to reform public service media, protect journalists from Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs), and propose reforms to the media landscape in line with the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA). For this purpose, the MFRR asked Krzysztof Bobinski to provide an overview of the dilemmas and challenges facing the Polish media community, media regulators, and the government.

 

Bobinski is President of Unia & Polska, a pro-European think-tank and member of the Polish Society of Journalists. Formerly, he was the Warsaw correspondent of the Financial Times of London until 2000, during which time he also contributed to the Washington Post, Baltimore Sun, the Economist, and the BBC.

Poland’s parliamentary election in October  2023 saw the victory of a pro democratic coalition over the populist Law and Justice (PiS) party in power from the autumn of 2015. Once  elected, PiS seized  control the country’s public service media (PSM) – television (TVP) public radio (PR) as well as the Polish Press Agency (PAP) . The government also sought to influence private media (both local and foreign owned) combining intimidation with bribery based on promising the placement of government advertising to win the favour of newspapers, broadcasters and magazines. PSM management appointments came under ruling party control. Under PiS daily newscasts consisted of  pro government propaganda reaching a crescendo at election times when aggressive propaganda was aimed against  democratic opposition candidates and the government politicians’ election pledges were presented in mellifluous tones. Journalistic standards hit rock bottom and any notion of an impartial, fair minded and informative PSM thought to be essential to a well functioning democracy became a distant dream.

  

Listeners, viewers and readers came to rely on private media both local and foreign such as the US owned TVN television station or the locally owned TOK FM talk radio and the independent Gazeta Wyborcza to provide an alternative view.  But the private sector also had its black sheep as major broadcasters like RMF owned by Bauer , the German media conglomerate, or Polsat TV owned by Zygmunt Solorz, a Polish oligarch owning major energy businesses, toned down critical coverage of the government in return for favours in the form of government funded advertising  and assurances that no hostile moves would be made against them by official tax or other controllers. Wirtualna Polska, a locally owned internet company, made a habit of running pro government content under journalistic pseudonyms in return for government funding.

 

Information about these practices has appeared since the fall of the PiS government, and key executives responsible for these practices have been quietly sacked, Wirtualna Polska has engineered a complete makeover to re-establish its reputation and Polsat TV has returned to impartial news reporting. But maybe predictably the industry’s private sector  as a whole has failed to analise how it defended or failed to defend journalistic standards at this difficult time. The Izba Wydawców Prasy, (the Chamber of Press Publishers) which represents the Polish newspaper publishers and other media organisations has avoided any public discussion of these issues and newspapers have, in the main, avoided any analysis of the implications of what really went on between 2015 – 2023, This is a major failure as we seek to restore journalistic standards in Poland.

 

It would appear that setting the public service media to rights would be simpler than rebuilding journalistic standards in the private sector.

 

But the task facing reformers of TVP and PR is more of a challenge because any legal change requires new legislation which can be delivered by the two houses of parliament where the democratic coalition has a majority but Andrzej Duda, the president who favours the former Law and Justice regime and  holds the right to veto legislation.  He is in power till May 2025 and   progress can only be made on reform if a pro democracy candidate is elected in May next year.

 

With support for PiS running at 30 percent at the same level as that of the Civic Coalition  (KO) which heads the democratic coalition, Donald Tusk , the KO leader has to be careful not to give PiS supporters cause for criticism  as he seeks to build a majority for the democrats.  This appears to  be his plan which is reminiscent of Sir Robert Walpoles, Britian’s first prime minister’s famous dictum “let sleeping dogs lie”. Thus Donald Tusk wants to avoid a row with PiS which continues to maintain that their model of the PSM was the most democratic and pluralistic model ever.

 

Thus work will continue slowly on new PSM legislation  and it seems drafts will only be sent to parliament for approval  only when Poland has a new president.

 

Initially the new government dismissed the old pro PiS management from TVP and PR thanks to a legal device under which they put both organisations and PAP into liquidation and then appointed a liquidator of their choice. These liquidators thus run the PSM companies as director generals seemingly in finitum or at least until new legislation is passed.

 

The greatest challenge, though, is to put in place a system in which the PSM are independent of external pressure which includes government officials, politicians, lobbyists working for powerful corporations  and others who would like influence the public message. Politicians are the greatest threat.

 

The record  so far is not encouraging. The process by which the current directors of PSM (the liquidators) were appointed was not transparent. It seems that they were appointed on the basis of recommendations from coalition politicians. Each of the three parties sought to make sure that they would have their supporters in key positions. The new appointees then proceeded to appoint people they knew to replace journalists tainted by their support for PiS. Also it seems that many PiS supporters are still in place. These methods do not bode well for the future when a new management structure will be put in place.

 

The Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (MkiDN) which is responsible for PSM and has been mandated to prepare legislation transposing the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) into Polish law admits in a recent consultation  document that legislation in place till 2015 regulating management appointments in PSM while  ‘formally guaranteeing PSM independence’  nevertheless has procedures which mean that ’PSM are dependent on external actors who enjoy unlimited possibilities of influencing their management’.

 

These consultations close on September 23 but whatever their outcome it seems that Donald Tusk, the prime minister will have the final say on the degree to which PSM will be independent.

 

Unfortunately it seems that Tusk and consequently his party (KO) give little priority to media freedom issues. His main concern up till now has been to make sure that the stream of PiS propaganda put out by PSM be stopped and that has happened. Further than that, he has in the past showed little interest in PSM putting his trust more in private broadcasters whose owners he felt would be more inclined to support his free market policies. KO events in the past eight months have devoted little time to  freedom media issues. If anything, Tusk fears that in future a reformed public media might be taken over again by a populist party and repeat the PiS performance  of 2016 – 2023.

 

If truth be told the PSM cause currently attracts little interest in the population at large. When PiS was in power opponents of the PiS government watched TVN and listened to private radio stations while TVP and PR were favoured by PiS supporters.  After the election  in 2023 the pro democracy electorate stayed with TVN and tended to ignore the new politically correct but lack lustre  PSM news casts now free of PiS control. Meanwhile  unhappy and fiercely loyal  PiS supporters migrated from TVP and PR to Republica, a tv station owned by PiS, which now broadcasts the rabid propaganda which was pumped out by the PiS controlled PSM.  On top of this there are signs of ‘news fatigue’  in the population at large with over half of the below 34 year olds not watching television at all. Those who do watch TV are the  the over sixties. 93  per cent of this age group switch their sets on every day.

 

Thus the  challenge is not only to keep the politicians from threatening PSM independence but also to reinvent the public service media as the go to medium for news and by the population at large. So far no one is asking what, actually, the PSM are for,  yet. But they soon will.

 

Amidst these major audience shifts and desultory debates about the future shape of PSM several media related issues are being completely ignored. But they are important to the future of journalism in Poland. 

 

One  major issue which has to be addressed by anyone who is looking to reform Polish journalism as it emerges from eight years of rule by politicians who did not  respect media freedom. This is the problem of the working conditions of media people, their remuneration and newsroom  relationships between management, editors and rank and file journalists. This also about the conditions which women journalists have to suffer at work. It is also about respecting the right of  journalistic staff to have some influence over editorial policies, even the appointments of their bosses and the future of the companies they whom they work. This includes guarantees  for the right of professional  journalists to write the truth within the confines of a general editorial policy agreed consensually with media owners.   Such mechanisms could be in line with recommendations originally attached by the European Commission to its draft regulation which seem to have been forgotten in the general debate about EMFA.

 

The problem in Polish journalism though is that while owners of media organisations and senior journalists have no interest in democratising management practices  rank and file journalists also don’t appear to be very interested. One veteran journalist remarked when asked about giving writers and editors a  say  in the  election of the chief editor remarked “what you mean asking the actors to elect the theatre director?”.

 

Another huge subject is mobbing and sexual molestation which have been rife in Polish news rooms. While individual cases do get written up in the media, victims of such practices generally fail to report them. A study of sexual harassment conducted by Poland’s Zamenhof Institute in 2023  (www.zamenhof.pl) asked 268 women journalists about their experience at work.  59 per cent replied that they had experienced sexual molestation of some kind at work while 5 per cent reported that they had been actually forced to have sex against their will. The report failed to attract much media attention.

 

Paulina Januszewska, a working journalist, earlier this year published a book called “Gównodziennikarstwo” (Shitjournalism) which chronicles the various pathologies in Polish journalism. Mainstream media have, so far, paid it scant regard.

 

It is essential that media owners take steps to limit this kind of behaviour. Pay scales must also be adjusted to eliminate the exploitation  of  young reporters and improve wage levels across the board which would include limiting huge salaries for well known  journalists. This would help to make newsrooms happier places and if management were to pursue policies aiming at establishing civilized relationships between the rank and file and senior editors. Only then would journalists be able to do their jobs properly and respecting ethical standards and resisting attempts to undermine their independence.

 

Attention to introducing laws and regulations, transparency and the establishment of institutional safeguards against attempts to capture media by external actors are important. However these mechanisms will only work  if reasonably well paid professional journalists enjoy the respect of their superiors  at work. Only then can Polish journalism play the role that is required of it in a well ordered democracy. 

Krzysztof Bobinski, Society of Journalists, Warsaw

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Slovakia’s Prime Minister launches SLAPP case against leading investigative…

Slovakia’s Prime Minister launches SLAPP case against leading investigative journalist

Media freedom groups today condemned the legal action taken by the Prime Minister of Slovakia, Robert Fico, against the editor in chief of Aktuality.sk, Peter Bardy, as well Ringier Slovak Media, the publisher of the book, for the use of a photo of Fico on the cover of the book ‘Fico-Obsessed with Power,’ We call on the court to dismiss the case.

Fico is claiming 100.000 euros from Bardy, and another 100.000 euros from the publisher as compensation for non-material damage caused by the choice of cover photo. Fico’s lawyers claim that Fico has the right to decide how his photograph is used. 

The action has all the hallmarks of a SLAPP, or Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation, that is used by the powerful to intimidate journalists and end their investigative reporting.  

The book, which charts Fico’s long political career, includes statements by Fico’s colleagues and political opponents. 

Aktuality.sk is one of Slovakia’s leading news media with a reputation for hard hitting investigative journalism. It was also the home of Jan Kuciak before he was murdered in February 2018 following his exposures into corruption in the heart of the Slovak state during Fico’s last tenure as Prime Minister. The killing of Jan Kuciak and his fiancée, Martina Kusnirova, sparked huge public protests, leading to Fico’s eventual resignation. Fico has regularly blamed the media for his departure. He wasted little time in acting against those he described as ‘enemy media’ after returning to power with the 2023 elections.  

“We are convinced that we have not violated the law, which we will defend and explain in court. And we believe in a fair trial,” said editor-in-chief Peter Bárdy. “If someone wanted to intimidate me with this lawsuit, if it was meant to trigger self-censorship in me, it didn’t work. I will continue to do what I have been doing for almost three decades in journalism and together with the editors of Aktuality.sk, but also with many great journalists from other Slovak media, we will point out problems in the state, criticize politicians, heads of institutions and publish verified information in the public interest. Because that is our job,” 

According to our analysis, the lawsuit fulfills key indicators for a SLAPP. There is an imbalance of power between Fico as the claimant and Bárdy as the defendant, considering Fico’s political influence and the lawsuit targets not only the publisher but also Bárdy in his individual capacity. The lawsuit does not object to the content or the veracity of the information in the book, and the damages requested, namely EUR 100,000 from each defendant, are highly excessive.

The Council of Europe and the European Union have introduced new instruments to counter SLAPPs, including the EU Anti-SLAPP Directive which member states should implement and transpose. Instead of intimidating journalists with SLAPP legal actions, Fico and his government should focus on implementing these standards at the national level.

The Media Freedom Rapid Response consortium and its partners will continue to closely monitor the SLAPP case as well as document it on Mapping Media Freedom and the Council of Europe Platform for the Safety of Journalists.

Signed by:

  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF) 
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
  • The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) 
  • OBC Transeuropa (OBCT)
  • Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
  • Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
  • South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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Findings of the Press Freedom Mission to Georgia

Press Freedom and the Safety of Journalists in Peril: Rising Polarization and a Climate of Fear – Findings of the Press Freedom Mission to Georgia

A fact-finding mission to Georgia by Council of Europe’s Safety of Journalists Platform and Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium reveals a troubling deterioration of press freedom, human rights violations, attacks on journalists, and concerns over media safety and legislative challenges ahead of elections.

The Mission of the Partner Organisations of the Council of Europe’s Safety of Journalists Platform and members of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium concluded a fact-finding mission to Georgia. The aim of the mission was to collect information on Georgia’s implementation of its freedom of expression and freedom of the media commitments, including in relation to the on-going election campaign.

This statement presents interim findings of the mission.

We have just concluded a two-day mission to Georgia. Before diving into the concrete findings of the mission, we want to say that we have observed the deterioration of press freedom as well as human rights at large in Georgia. It has been made clear to us that a wide range of tools and mechanisms are used to discredit and curtail dissenting voices, including those of independent journalists. We want to once again declare our full support and solidarity with the journalists, media, press freedom, and civil society organizations. We came with concerns about media freedom, but we were appalled by what we heard.

Media situation ahead of the election

Exchanges with journalists, civil society, and political and institutional leaders bear witness to a democratic backsliding and human rights violations that go far beyond the erosion of media pluralism and violations of press freedom. Civil society as a whole is facing an illiberal drift, characterized by a weakening of democratic checks and balances.

Concerns over recent legislation

The representatives of journalists’ organizations, media, and civil society alike heavily criticized the recently passed law on ‘Transparency of Foreign Influence’ and ‘Law on the Protection of Family Values and Minors’. They cited obstacles to the normal functioning of media outlets and media rights organizations, which are obliged to register under the foreign influence law if they receive at least 20 percent funding from abroad. They noted that only a small number of CSOs and one media outlet had so far consented to register. Both laws are perceived as tools of the executive and the ruling party for exerting pressure on the media.

When questioned about this, a representative from the ruling Georgian Dream party did not fully address our concerns. Even if not yet fully implemented, the law on Transparency of Foreign Influence has already had a significant chilling effect on CSOs and media outlets. The law already leads to self-censorship, intimidation of journalists’ sources, and a hostile environment, preventing journalists from reporting from the field.

All interlocutors have complained about polarization of the media sphere. The lack of political debates between opposing parties exacerbates this division. The Mission recommends that political actors, public figures, and parties should abstain from fuelling it and refrain from ostracizing societal groups and public figures.

Safety of Journalists: A Feeling of Fear and Exodus from the Profession

Our meeting with the stakeholders reinforced the picture, which was mentioned in the previous reports. Journalists are attacked physically, verbally, legally, and financially. Journalism has become a dangerous occupation in Georgia.

Journalists are concerned about their safety to such a degree that some of them take chaperones to journalistic assignments. Representatives of several outlets noted that journalists leave the industry, and some relocate abroad. Additionally, several media outlets reported that they were making arrangements to register their media abroad.

Besides physical assaults on journalists, numerous cases of intimidation of journalists were reported to the Mission. Threats, short-term detention, cases of alleged abuse of the administrative code, and targeted smear campaigns in social media were reported by journalists themselves and media rights organizations.

The interlocutors were also concerned about the misuse of national sentiments by naming journalists and media outlets as ‘anti-Georgian’. The Mission is concerned that the ‘foreign influence law’ pours fuel on the fire of a deeply polarized political environment and dramatically undermines journalist safety.

Impunity for Crimes and Intimidation of Journalists

Most of the organizers and perpetrators of physical assaults, threats, smear campaigns, or other pressure on journalists are not prosecuted. We observed that this impunity creates a hostile climate for journalists’ work. During the mission, we met with representatives of political parties, of the Public Defender’s Office and media. We raised the issue of impunity with them and were told that the existing means are insufficient or are insufficiently used to resolve the issue.*

Ever since the tragic events of July 2021, people who attacked journalists and the organizers of these heinous acts, as well as members of law enforcement allegedly responsible for violence against reporters, were not held accountable for attacks.

Public Service Media

In 2023, the Georgian Public Broadcaster’s (GPB) funding was reduced by amendments to the Broadcasting Law, and the funding mechanism of the GPB changed, from a fixed percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) to an annual allocation in the state budget. The amendments were proposed without prior assessment, without consultations with GBP, and without an open public debate with stakeholders and experts. Public Service Media in Georgia needs stable and predictable funding, which safeguards their independence.

SLAPP Lawsuits Against Media

Interlocutors reported that lawsuits concerning defamation against media are used as a tool by high-ranking politicians and businesspeople affiliated with the ruling party, less by private actors. Concerns about the judiciary system amplify concerns about these cases. At the same time, in order to prove innocence, journalists are indirectly pressured to reveal their sources.

Journalists in Exile

Some media outlets have already moved their staffers abroad and have spent their resources on registering their outlets abroad, especially during the campaign period and as an envisaged result of the enforcement of the law on Transparency of Foreign Influence.

Access to Information

Reportedly, a law on creating a body responsible for regulating access to information has remained a draft since 2014. However, even the existing norms of replies by public bodies to journalists’ requests within ten days are frequently not met. Reportedly, critical and investigative journalists have the most difficulty receiving replies to their requests.

The Mission recommends that the capacity of the body dealing with the implementation of the Law on Free Access to Information should be strengthened.

Rules are imposed which limit journalists’ presence in the parliament, and accreditation is used as a tool for curbing independent reporting. In 2024, journalists were not allowed in the Parliament during the vote on the Law on Transparency of Foreign Influence.

Recommendations

  • Guarantee a safe and free working environment for journalists. Ensure that journalists can cover the pre-election period and elections without obstruction or interference.
  • Pieces of media legislation that are not in line with international freedom of expression standards should be revised, and the Law on Transparency of Foreign Influence and the Law on Protection of Family Values and Minors must be repealed.
  • Ensure the proper implementation of the media legal framework, with a particular focus on the law regarding Free Access to Information. Establish relevant bodies where necessary to support and oversee the effective enforcement of these laws.
  • Foreign journalists who are in exile in Georgia must be allowed to work freely and not be denied access to the country.

Background

The mission comprised representatives from ARTICLE 19 Europe, Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF), Index on Censorship, the International Press Institute (IPI), the Justice for Journalists Foundation, and Reporters Without Borders (RSF).

On the 1st and 2nd October 2024, the Mission met with the Chief of Staff of the Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia, the Communications Commission (the Georgian media regulator), the Office of the Public Defender of Georgia, representatives of the public service broadcaster GBP, representatives of political groups and MPs, representatives of civil society organizations, journalists, editors of broadcast, printed press, and online media, and representatives of the international community. The Mission requested meetings with the Ministries of Justice and Culture as well as the Legal Affairs Committee of the Parliament. The Ministries could not meet the Mission; the Chief of Staff spoke on behalf of the Legal Affairs Committee.

The Partner Organizations and MFRR members held a press briefing on 2 October 2024.

The Platform for the Protection of Journalism and Safety of Journalists is a unique mechanism that helps dialogue between the governments and the organizations of journalists, with the aim of stopping violations to press freedom in the member states of the Council of Europe and enabling journalists to exercise their profession without the risk of compromising their safety.

Since 2015, the Platform facilitates the compilation and dissemination of information on serious concerns about media freedom and safety of journalists in Council of Europe member states, as guaranteed by Art. 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

 

* Paragraph last updated on 10.10.2024

 

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) tracks, monitors, and reacts to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States and Candidate Countries. This project provides legal and practical support, public advocacy, and information to protect journalists and media workers.

Signed by:

  • ARTICLE 19
  • European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • Index on Censorship
  • Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
  • Justice for Journalists

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

პრესის თავისუფლება და ჟურნალისტების უსაფრთხოება საფრთხეშია, იზრდება პოლარიზაცია და შიშის კლიმატი – პრესის თავისუფლების მისიის მთავარი მიგნებები 

 

ევროპის საბჭოს ჟურნალისტთა უსაფრთხოების პლატფორმის პარტნიორმა ორგანიზაციებმა და მედიის თავისუფლების სწრაფი რეაგირების (MFRR) კონსორციუმის წევრებმა დაასრულეს ფაქტების დამდგენი მისია საქართველოში. მისიის მიზანი იყო ინფორმაციის შეგროვება საქართველოში გამოხატვის თავისუფლებისა და მედიის თავისუფლების ვალდებულებების შესრულების ნაწილში, მათ შორის, მიმდინარე საარჩევნო კამპანიასთან დაკავშირებით.

 

ეს განცხადება წარმოადგენს მისიის შუალედურ დასკვნებს.

ჩვენ, პრესის თავისუფლების, გამოხატვის თავისუფლების და ჟურნალისტების საერთაშორისო  ორგანიზაციებმა, ახლახანს დავასრულეთ ორდღიანი მისია საქართველოში. მისიის დროს ჩვენთვის აშკარა გახდა, რომ საქართველოში პრესის თავისუფლებისა და, ზოგადად, ადამიანის უფლებების მდგომარეობა მკვეთრად გაუარესებულია. ასევე ნათელი გახდა, რომ  საქართველოში გამოიყენება მექანიზმების და ბერკეტების ფართო სპექტრი დამოუკიდებელი და კრიტიკული აზრის დისრედიტაციისა და ჩახშობისათვის. 

 

გვინდა, კიდევ ერთხელ გამოვუცხადოთ ჩვენი სრული მხარდაჭერა და სოლიდარობა ჟურნალისტებს, მედიას, პრესის თავისუფლებას და სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების ორგანიზაციებს. ჩვენ შეძრწუნებული ვართ იმით, რაც მოვისმინეთ მისიის ფარგლებში პრესის თავისუფლებისა და გამოხატვის თავისუფლების, ასევე ჟურნალისტების უფლებების დაცვის ნაწილში. 

 

მედიაში არსებული მდგომარეობა წინასაარჩევნო პერიოდში 

ჩვენი საუბრები სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების, მედიის და პოლიტიკური პარტიების წარმომადგენლებთან მოწმობს დემოკრატიულ უკუსვლას და ადამიანის უფლებების უპატივცემულობას საქართველოში, ასევე მედიის პლურალიზმის ეროზიას და პრესის თავისუფლების სერიოზულ რღვევას. სამოქალაქო საზოგადოება მთლიანად დგას მზარდი ავტორიტარიზმის წინაშე, რომელიც ხასიათდება შეკავებისა და გაწონასწორების სისტემის  შესუსტებით.

 

ბოლოდროინდელი კანონმდებლობა საფრთხეს უქმნის პრესის თავისუფლებას 

იმ ჟურნალისტური ორგანიზაციების, მედიისა და სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების წარმომადგენლებმა, რომელსაც პარტნიორი ორგანიზაციები მისიის ფარგლებში შევხვდით, მწვავედ გააკრიტიკეს ბოლო დროს მიღებული კანონები “უცხოური გავლენის გამჭვირვალობის შესახებ“ და „ოჯახური ღირებულებებისა და არასრულწლოვანის დაცვის შესახებ“. მათ დაასახელეს ის დაბრკოლებები, რომლებიც მედიის და მედიის უფლებადამცველი ორგანიზაციების ნორმალურ ფუნქციონირებას ხელს უშლის. კანონი “უცხოური გავლენის გამჭვირვალობის შესახებ“ ავალდებულებს მედიას და არასამთავრობო ორგანიზაციებს, რომ დარეგისტრირდნენ უცხოური გავლენის გამტარ ორგანიზაციებად. ორგანიზაციებმა, რომლებსაც მისიის ფარგლებში შევხვდით, აღნიშნეს, რომ სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების ორგანიზაციების მხოლოდ მცირე ნაწილმა  და ერთმა მედიასაშუალებამ გაიარა რეგისტრაცია. ორივე კანონი აღიქმება როგორც ძლიერი ბერკეტები ხელისუფლებისთვის მედიაზე ზეწოლის განხორციელებისთვის. 

 

აღნიშნულთან დაკავშირებით  მმართველი პარტია „ქართული ოცნების“ წარმომადგენელმა ჩვენს შენიშვნებს სათანადოდ არ უპასუხა. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ უცხოური გავლენის გამჭვირვალობის შესახებ კანონის იმპლემენტაცია ჯერ სრულად არ განხორციელებულა, მას უკვე ჰქონდა მნიშვნელოვანი მსუსხავი ეფექტი სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების ორგანიზაციებსა და მედია საშუალებებზე.

კერძოდ, კანონი უკვე იწვევს თვითცენზურას, წნეხს ჟურნალისტების წყაროებზე და მტრულ გარემოს, რაც აფერხებს ჟურნალისტების საქმიანობას. 

 

ორგანიზაციები და ჟურნალისტები, რომელსაც მისიის ფარგლებში შევხვდით, წუხილს გამოთქვამდნენ  მედიის პოლარიზაციასთან დაკავშირებით. დაპირისპირებულ მხარეებს შორის პოლიტიკური დებატების ნაკლებობა ამ პოლარიზაციას ამძაფრებს. მისია რეკომენდაციას გასცემს, რომ პოლიტიკურმა აქტორებმა, საჯარო პირებმა და პარტიებმა თავი შეიკავონ პოლარიზაციის გაძლიერებისგან და თავი შეიკავონ საზოგადოებრივი ჯგუფებისა და საჯარო პირების დისკრედიტაციისგან.

 

ჟურნალისტების უსაფრთხოება: შიშის კლიმატი და ჟურნალისტების მიერ პროფესიოული საქმიანობისგან თავის შეკავება

ჩვენმა შეხვედრამ დაინტერესებულ მხარეებთან გააძლიერა სურათი, რომელიც წინა ანგარიშებში იყო აღწერილი. ჟურნალისტებს თავს ესხმიან ფიზიკურად, სიტყვიერ, სამართლებრივად და ფინანსურად.

 

ჟურნალისტიკა საქართველოში სახიფათო პროფესიად იქცა.

ჟურნალისტები იმდენად წუხან იმ საფრთხეებით, რომლებიც მათ უსაფრთხოებას ეხება,  რომ ზოგიერთი მათგანს თანხმლები პირები ახლავს თან პროფესიული საქმიანობის შესრულების დროს. რამდენიმე გამოცემის წარმომადგენელმა აღნიშნა, რომ უფრო და უფრო მეტი ჟურნალისტი ტოვებს ინდუსტრიას. ბევრი ჟურნალისტი კი ქვეყანას საერთოდ ტოვებს. გარდა ამისა, რამდენიმე მედიასაშუალებამ გვითხრა, რომ ისინი საკუთარ კომპანიას საზღვარგარეთ არეგისტრირებენ. 

 

ჟურნალისტებზე ფიზიკური თავდასხმების გარდა, მისიამ დაფიქსირდა ჟურნალისტების დაშინების უამრავი შემთხვევა. მუქარა, მოკლევადიანი დაკავება, ადმინისტრაციული კოდექსის სავარაუდო ბოროტად გამოყენების შემთხვევები და მიზანმიმართული ცილისწამების კამპანიები სოციალურ მედიაში დაფიქსირდა თავად ჟურნალისტებისა და მედიის უფლებადამცველი ორგანიზაციების მიერ.

 

აქტორები, რომლებსაც მისია შეხვდა, ასევე შეშფოთებულნი იყვნენ ჟურნალისტების და/ან მედიის “ანტიქართულად” მოხსენიებით ეროვნული სენტიმენტების ბოროტად გამოყენების გამო. მისია შეშფოთებულია, რომ “უცხოური გავლენის კანონი” ძლიერად პოლარიზებული პოლიტიკური გარემოს ცეცხლზე ნავთს ასხამს და ჟურნალისტების უსაფრთხოებას ძირს უთხრის.

 

დაუსჯელობა და ჟურნალისტების დაშინება

ჟურნალისტებზე ფიზიკური თავდასხმის, მუქარის, ცილისწამების ან სხვა სახის ზეწოლის ორგანიზატორებისა და ჩამდენი პირების უმეტესობა დასჯილი არ არის. ეს დაუსჯელობა, როგორც ჩვენთვის ნათელი გახდა, მტრულ კლიმატს ქმნის ჟურნალისტების საქმიანობისთვის.

 

მისიის ფარგლებში შევხვდით პოლიტიკური პარტიების, სახალხო დამცველის ოფისისა და კომუნიკაციების კომისიის წარმომადგენლებს. ამ შეხვედრების დროს, ჩვენ წინ წამოვწიეთ დაუსჯელობის საკითხი, თუმცა არ მიგვიღია მკაფიო პასუხი, რა და როგორ შეიძლება გაკეთდეს იმისათვის, რომ დავეხმაროთ ჟურნალისტებს თავდასხმის დროს.

 

2021 წლის ივლისის ტრაგიკული მოვლენებიდან მოყოლებული, ჟურნალისტებზე ძალადობის ორგანიზატორები და შემსრულებლები, ისევე როგორც სამართალდამცავი ორგანოების წევრები, რომლებიც, სავარაუდოდ, პასუხისმგებელნი არიან ჟურნალისტებზე ძალადობისთვის, პასუხისმგებაში არ ყოფილან მიცემული. 

 

საზოგადოებრივი მაუწყებელი

2023 წელს საქართველოს საზოგადოებრივი მაუწყებლის დაფინანსება მაუწყებლობის შესახებ კანონში ცვლილებებით შემცირდა და საზოგადოებრივი მაუწყებლის დაფინანსების მექანიზმი შეიცვალა მთლიანი შიდა პროდუქტის (მშპ) ფიქსირებული პროცენტიდან სახელმწიფო ბიუჯეტში წლიურ ალოკაციებამდე. ცვლილებები წარდგენილი იყო წინასწარი შეფასების, საზოგადოებრივი მაუწყებლებელთან კონსულტაციებისა და დაინტერესებულ მხარეებთან და ექსპერტებთან ღია საჯარო დებატების გარეშე. საქართველოში საზოგადოებრივ მაუწყებელს სჭირდება სტაბილური და პროგნოზირებადი დაფინანსება, რაც მათ დამოუკიდებლობის დაცვას შესაძლებელს გახდის.

 

SLAPP-ები მედიის წინააღმდეგ

მისიაში მონაწილე აქტორებმა განაცხადეს, რომ მედიის წინააღმდეგ ცილისწამებასთან დაკავშირებული სასამართლო დავები იარაღად გამოიყენება მმართველ პარტიასთან დაკავშირებული მაღალი რანგის პოლიტიკოსებისა და ბიზნესმენების მიერ და ნაკლებად კერძო აქტორების მიერ. სასამართლო სისტემის დამოუკიდებლობასთან დაკავშირებული გამოწვევები ამ საქმეებთან დაკავშირებით შეშფოთებას აძლიერებს. ამავდროულად, იმისათვის, რომ ჟურნალისტებმა საკუთარი უდანაშაულობა დაამტკიცონ, ირიბად ექცევიან წნეხის ქვეშ, რომ საკუთარი წყაროები გაამხილონ. 

 

დევნილობაში მყოფი ჟურნალისტები

ზოგიერთმა მედიასაშუალებამ უკვე თავისი თანამშრომლები საზღვარგარეთ გადაიყვანა და დახარჯა რესურსი უცხოეთში დარეგისტრირებისთვის, რაც არის უცხოური გავლენის გამჭვირვალობის შესახებ კანონის მიღებისა და აღსრულების პირდაპირი შედეგი. 

 

ინფორმაციაზე წვდომა

ჩვენთვის მოწოდებული ინფორმაციის მიხედვით, კანონი ინფორმაციის ხელმისაწვდომობის რეგულირებაზე პასუხისმგებელი ორგანოს შექმნის შესახებ კანონპროექტად დარჩა 2014 შემდეგ. თუმცა, საჯარო უწყებების მიერ ჟურნალისტების ინფორმაციის წვდომაზე მოთხოვნის პასუხის გაცემის არსებული ნორმებიც ხშირად არ სრულდება. როგორც ჩვენთვის ცნობილი გახდა, კრიტიკულ და გამომძიებელ ჟურნალისტებს ინფორმაციის წვდომაზე მოთხოვნისას პასუხის მიღება ყველაზე მეტად უჭირთ.

 

მისია რეკომენდაციას გასცემს, გაძლიერდეს იმ ორგანოს უფლებამოსილება, რომელიც პასუხისმგებელია ინფორმაციის თავისუფალი ხელმისაწვდომობის შესახებ კანონის იმპლემენტაციაზე. 

 

კანონები და წესები, რომლებიც ზღუდავს ჟურნალისტების შეშვებას პარლამენტში და აკრედიტაციის მოპოვებას და შენარჩუნებას, გამოიყენება როგორც დამოუკიდებელი გაშუქების შეზღუდვის საშუალება. 2024 წელს უცხოური გავლენის გამჭვირვალობის შესახებ კანონის კენჭისყრის დროს ჟურნალისტები პარლამენტში არ შეუშვეს.

 

რეკომენდაციები

  • ჟურნალისტებისთვის უსაფრთხო და თავისუფალი სამუშაო გარემო უზრუნველყოფა. ჟურნალისტებს უნდა შეეძლოთ გააშუქონ წინასაარჩევნო პერიოდი და არჩევნები ხელის შეშლისა და ჩარევის გარეშე.

 

  • მედიის კანონმდებლობის იმ ნაწილის გადახედვა, რომელიც არ შეესაბამება გამოხატვის თავისუფლების საერთაშორისო სტანდარტებს. უცხოური გავლენის გამჭვირვალობის შესახებ და ოჯახური ფასეულობებისა და არასრულწლოვანთა დაცვის შესახე კანონების გაუქმება. 

 

  • მედიის საკანონმდებლო ბაზის სათანადოდ იმპლემენტაცია, განსაკუთრებით კანონზე ინფორმაციის თავისუფალი ხელმისაწვდომობის შესახებ კანონის ნაწილში. საჭიროების შემთხვევაში, შესაბამისი ორგანოების შექმნა, რათა მხარი დაუჭირონ და გააკონტროლონ ამ კანონების ეფექტიანი აღსრულება.

 

  • საქართველოში დევნილობაში მყოფი  უცხოელი ჟურნალისტების 

თავისუფლად მუშაობის შესაძლებლობა და ქვეყანაში შესვლაზე უარის თქმის პრაქტიკის დასრულება.

 

კონტექსტი 

მისიას წარუძღვნენ ევროპის საბჭოს ჟურნალისტთა უსაფრთხოების პლატფორმის და მედიის თავისუფლების სწრაფი რეაგირების (MFRR) პარტნიორი ორგანიზაციები – მუხლი 19, ჟურნალისტთა დაცვის კომიტეტი (CPJ), ევროპის მაუწყებელთა კავშირი (EBU), პრესისა და მედიის თავისუფლების ევროპული ცენტრი (ECPMF) , ევროპის ჟურნალისტთა ფედერაცია, ინდექსი ცენზურაზე, პრესის საერთაშორისო ინსტიტუტი (IPI), ფონდი სამართლიანობა ჟურნალისტებისთვის (JFJ) და რეპორტიორები საზღვრებს გარეშე (RSF). 

 

2024 წლის 1-ლ და 2 ოქტომბერს მისია შეხვდა საქართველოს პარლამენტის თავმჯდომარის აპარატის უფროსს, კომუნიკაციების კომისიას (მედიის მარეგულირებელი სტრუქტურა საქართველოში), საქართველოს სახალხო დამცველის აპარატს, საზოგადოებრივი მაუწყებლის წარმომადგენლებს, პოლიტიკური ჯგუფების წარმომადგენლებსა და დეპუტატებს, სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების ორგანიზაციების წარმომადგენლებს, მაუწყებლობის, ბეჭდვითი და ონლაინ მედიის ჟურნალისტებსა და რედაქტორს და საერთაშორისო საზოგადოების წარმომადგენლებს. მისიამ მოითხოვა შეხვედრები იუსტიციისა და კულტურის სამინისტროებთან, ასევე პარლამენტის იურიდიულ საკითხთა კომიტეტთან, მაგრამ სამინისტროებთან შეხვედრები არ შემდგარა. სანაცვლოდ, პარლამენტის თავმჯდომარის აპარატის უფროსმა იურიდიულ საკითხთა კომიტეტის სახელით ისაუბრა.

 

ევროპის საბჭოს ჟურნალისტთა უსაფრთხოების პლატფორმისა და მედიის თავისუფლების სწრაფი რეაგირების (MFRR) წარმომადგენლება პრესკონფერენცია მისიის დასასრულს 2024 წლის 2 ოქტომბერს გამართეს. 

 

ჟურნალისტიკის დაცვისა და ჟურნალისტთა უსაფრთხოების პლატფორმა არის უნიკალური მექანიზმი, რომელიც ეხმარება მთავრობებსა და ჟურნალისტთა ორგანიზაციებს შორის დიალოგს. პლატფორმის მიზანია პრესის თავისუფლების დარღვევების აღკვეთა  ევროპის საბჭოს წევრ ქვეყნებში და ჟურნალისტებისთვის საშუალების მიცემა საკუთარი საქმიანობა უსაფრთხოებასთან დაკავშირებული რისკების გარეშე შეასრულონ.

 

2015 წლიდან პლატფორმა ხელს უწყობს ინფორმაციის შეგროვებას და გავრცელებას ევროპის საბჭოს წევრ ქვეყნებში სერიოზული გამოწვევების შესახებ, რომლებიც უკავშირდება მედიის თავისუფლებისა და ჟურნალისტების უსაფრთხოებას, რაც გარანტირებულია ადამიანის უფლებათა ევროპული კონვენციის მე-10 მუხლით. 

 

სწრაფი რეაგირება მედია თავისუფლებისთვის (MFRR) არის მექანიზმი, რომელიც მიზნად ისახავს აღმოაჩინოს, დააკვირდეს და რეაგირება მოახდინოს პრესისა და მედიის თავისუფლების დარღვევებზე ევროკავშირის წევრ და კანდიდატ ქვეყნებში. პროექტი მოიცავს სამიზნე ორგანიზაციებისა და ინდივიდებისთვის სამართლებრივ და პრაქტიკულ დახმარებას, საჯარო ადვოკატირებასა და ინფორმაციას ჟურნალისტებისა და მედიის მუშაკების დასაცავად.

Signed by:

  • ARTICLE 19
  • European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
  • European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • Index on Censorship
  • Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
  • Justice for Journalists
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Mettere a tacere il quarto potere: la deriva democratica…

Report di missione: Mettere a tacere il quarto potere: la deriva democratica dell’Italia

La libertà dei media in Italia è sotto attacco, una deriva caratterizzata da una crescente interferenza politica e molestie legali nei confronti dei giornalisti. In vista delle elezioni europee del 2024, il Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) ha condotto una missione di carattere urgente a Roma per approfondire queste problematiche. Lo scorso luglio, in occasione del lancio del report in inglese, abbiamo presentato le conclusioni nel corso di un webinar dedicato, avanzando una serie di proposte per rafforzare la tutela della libertà dei media in Italia.

La libertà dei media in Italia ha subito un deterioramento continuo negli ultimi anni, sottoposta ad attacchi e violazioni senza precedenti della libertà di stampa e dei media, violazioni spesso avviate da funzionari pubblici nel tentativo di emarginare e mettere a tacere le voci critiche. L’interferenza politica nei media pubblici e l’uso sistematico di intimidazioni legali contro i giornalisti, da parte degli attori politici, hanno tradizionalmente caratterizzato la relazione tra media e politica in Italia. Tuttavia, negli ultimi due anni queste dinamiche hanno raggiunto livelli allarmanti.

In vista delle elezioni europee del 2024, in un contesto in rapido deterioramento, le organizzazioni partner del Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) hanno condotto una missione urgente a Roma, il 16-17 maggio 2024. La missione di advocacy aveva l’obiettivo di avviare un confronto con i rappresentanti istituzionali e politici su tre questioni: l’interferenza politica nel servizio pubblico, le intimidazioni legali di cui sono bersaglio i giornalisti e la potenziale acquisizione dell’AGI, una delle principali agenzie di stampa del Paese.

Questo rapporto riflette i risultati degli incontri tenutisi durante la missione e del continuo monitoraggio del consorzio, offrendo un’analisi esaustiva delle tre criticità identificate dalla delegazione. Valuta l’impatto di diverse misure e proposte di legge introdotte dai decisori italiani, alla luce delle più recenti disposizioni dell’UE volte a garantire l’indipendenza dei media pubblici, a contrastare la concentrazione del mercato, ad affrontare i conflitti di interesse e dotare la magistratura degli strumenti per contrastare le azioni vessatorie. Il rapporto include inoltre raccomandazioni dettagliate per gli attori istituzionali e governativi italiani, delineando i passi necessari per contrastare il declino della libertà dei media e attuare le riforme necessarie.

Il report è disponibile in inglese e italiano. 

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Italy: Salvini’s video reignites debate over RAI independence

Italy: Salvini’s video reignites debate over RAI independence

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) backs concerns expressed over the editorial independence of Italian public broadcaster RAI. The MFRR further insists that the appointment process of the new leadership must guarantee RAI’s political independence and enforce the highest standards of journalism.

On 14 September, Rainews24, the news channel of Italy’s public broadcaster RAI, aired an almost four-minute monologue by deputy PM Matteo Salvini of the Lega Party. In the video he defends his actions, as former Minister of Interior, ahead of a court case where he is accused of kidnapping and neglect of duty for his decision to stop the docking of the Open Arms rescue vessel in 2019.

The editorial board of Rainews24 condemned the video broadcast, lamenting yet another case of leading members of the government using the channel as a “megaphone” for their statements. In a separate recent incident which sparked outcry, Gennaro Sangiuliano, Italy’s former Minister of Culture, used a prime-time news RAI segment to publicly handle personal matters, feeding into this concern. 

The journalists warned that Salvini’s video, taken directly from his social media, was broadcast unchallenged and without analysis or counterpoints, and as such fell short of the basic principles of journalism. Lega MPs on the RAI Oversight Parliamentary Committee defended the broadcast, claiming it was a relevant news item, and accused the dissenting journalists of political bias. 

This latest incident highlights long-documented concerns over political influence on RAI, just as the Parliament starts to debate the appointment of RAI’s new Board of Directors. The Board is composed of seven members, of which four are nominated by the two houses of Parliament, two by the Ministry of Economy, including the CEO, and one is elected by RAI employees. The parliamentary nominations and the President of the Board have to be approved by the Rai Oversight Committee, which requires a two-thirds majority and therefore the support of other political groupings outside those of the current government coalition. 

There have been calls to reform the appointment process to reduce the level of political influence over the RAI board, in line with the recent European Media Freedom Act, and opposition parties are calling for the reform to take place before the new board is appointed. The outcome of this debate and the selection process will be a crucial test of whether the public broadcaster will remain free from political capture.

MFRR urges the RAI Oversight Parliamentary Committee to ensure that all those appointed are free of political partisanship, they are committed to upholding the principles of journalistic integrity, and to the safeguarding of RAI’s editorial independence.

Signed by:

  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • OBC Transeuropa (OBCT)
  • The European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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Georgia: Family Values Bill imposes censorship on media

Georgia: Family Values Bill imposes censorship on media 

The undersigned international press freedom, journalists and human rights organizations strongly condemn Georgia’s recently adopted Family Values Bill. This legislation imposes censorship on media by banning broadcasters from freely reporting on LGBT+ issues. The Georgian government must stop its legal attacks on press freedom and freedom of expression. 

On 17 September, Georgia’s Parliament adopted the Family Values Bill in its third reading, with 84 MPs voting in favour. The Bill is part of a legislative package titled “On Family Values and the Protection of Minors,” which proposes amendments to 18 existing laws, including the Law on Freedom of Speech and Expression. 

 

Initially introduced by Speaker of Parliament Shalva Papuashvili on 4 June 2024, the bill includes provisions aimed at banning so-called “LGBT propaganda” This package comprises a primary bill and 18 related draft laws, which propose amendments to various legislative acts, including the civil code, labour code, the law on broadcasting, and the law on general education.

 

The most concerning section of the Bill for press freedom is Article 8, which explicitly prohibits broadcasters from disseminating content that “promotes identification with a gender other than one’s biological sex or relationships between individuals of the same biological sex based on sexual orientation.” This censorship measure is an extreme attack on the right to freedom of expression in Georgia and a manifest violation of international human rights standards.

 

The new amendments included in the package also include fines. Dissemination of restricted information will incur fines of 1,000 GEL (approx. €350) for individuals and 3,000 GEL (approx. €1,050) for legal entities, in addition to confiscation of the “restricted materials”.

 

This Bill will prevent journalists from freely reporting on LGBT+ issues and in particular giving voice to the LGBT+ community. The fear of prosecution will inevitably create a chilling effect and will lead to self-censorship. 

 

Additionally, the Bill bans public gatherings or demonstrations that promote what it refers to as “LGBT propaganda.” It also introduces a ban on same-sex marriage, gender-affirming surgeries, child adoption by non-heterosexuals, and the promotion of same-sex relationships in schools. 

 

The restrictions over media reporting on the LGBT+ issues and public gatherings implied in the law are in conflict with the freedom of expression, and freedom of assembly and association enshrined in the Constitution of Georgia (Article 17, Article 21). Additionally, they are incompatible with the principles of freedom of expression enshrined in international and European standards, including the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 10, Article 11).  The Georgian Dream government must immediately halt its persistent assault on human rights, including press freedom and freedom of expression, which are the fundamental pillars of democracy. 

Signed by:

  • International Press Institute (IPI) 
  • The European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)
  • ARTICLE 19 Europe
  • Committee to Protect Journalists
  • The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
  • D84 Association/daktilo1984
  • Justice for Journalists Foundation (JFJ)
  • Media and Law Studies Association (MLSA)
  • South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO)
  • OC Media
  • Association of European Journalists in Belgium (AEJ Belgium)
  • Media Diversity Institute Global 
  • IMS (International Media Support)
  • Community Media Forum Europe (CMFE)
  • Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
  • Media April
  • The Georgian Charter of Journalistic Ethics (GCJE)
  • Journalism Resource Center
  • IFEX
  • Society of Journalists (Warsaw)
  • Index on Censorship
  • Civil Rights Defenders 

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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Actions must be taken to address mass pro-Russian spoofing…

Actions must be taken to address mass pro-Russian spoofing of legitimate media outlets 

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium expresses serious concern over the persistent spoofing of legitimate European media outlets, most recently as part of a Russian disinformation campaign called “Doppelgänger”.

The Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) consortium expresses serious concern over the persistent spoofing of legitimate European media outlets, most recently as part of a Russian disinformation campaign called “Doppelgänger”.

 

Over the past two years, this disinformation campaign, initially discovered in 2022, continued to weigh in the political debate with so-called cybersquatting practices, through which Russian sources leased internet domains that cloned legitimate media websites, in order to spread false narratives that were massively shared on social media.

 

On 4 September, a total of 32 manipulative websites with domains leased from American companies were identified by the US Department of Justice. Official documents disclosed counterfeit domains of numerous European media outlets, mainly based in Germany, Italy, Ukraine, Estonia, and France. Visuals from the original news website were maliciously mimicked to mislead readers. Payment for the registration of the counterfeit domains was made via crypto-currencies from several wallets associated with Russia, with the use of encrypted email addresses on the Proton secure messaging service, making the identification of the spoofing perpetrators even more difficult.

 

According to internal documents from the Moscow-based Social Design Agency (SDA),  which were revealed by the US State Department, the Kremlin’s strategy was to target France and Germany in particular to weaken support for Ukraine, promote euroscepticism, and support far-right parties such as Germany’s Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), especially ahead of elections. A significant portion of counterfeit domains were created ahead of the European elections, and of the upcoming 2024 US Presidential elections. In France, dailies Le Monde, Le Parisien, and Le Figaro saw their domains cybersquatted, while in Germany this concerned Der Spiegel, Neues Deutschland, Bild, T-Online, Die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel and Süddeutsche Zeitung.

 

Ukrainian media were also targeted with cybersquatting: numerous websites were created, which imitated legitimate, major Ukrainian outlets in order to propagate defeatist theses about the war with Russia, such as a lack of personnel and military material in the Ukrainian army or the need for negotiations with Moscow and to cede territory to Russia. The targeted news outlets included Ukrainska Pravda, Suspilne, 1+1, Obozrevatel, and RBC Ukraine. Most of the spoofing websites were promoted on Facebook through sponsored advertisements.

 

Other findings from European fact-checking organisations but also the European External Action Service’s (EEAS) monitoring, disclosed further identities of media affected by the cyber campaign, such as Polish weekly Polityka and public broadcaster Polskie Radio. The links to cloned websites were massively disseminated on social media via artificial X accounts with manipulative posts, which were widely commented on and shared. The Doppelgänger operation is not confined to X. Other social networks such as Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, and instant messaging networks like Whatsapp or Telegram have been misused to spread fake content that reaches a wider audience.

 

The MFRR consortium reiterates its call for tech platforms such as Meta, but not only, to take necessary steps to counter disinformation, including the removal of spoofing content. These platforms are currently doing too little on this issue, even when fake websites are signaled. Spoofing content not only affects the media’s credibility and integrity but also jeopardises the fundamental right of readers to access information free from manipulation (Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights).

 

As highlighted in the latest MFRR mid-year monitoring report, spoofing is increasingly targeting journalists and media in the European Union member states and candidate countries and requires stronger vigilance and urgent actions from the Member States. We call on the relevant authorities to ensure a swift and thorough investigation into the process through which fake websites are created, but also to allocate additional resources and seek international support from bodies such as Europol to ensure a safe environment for the media and access to reliable information for citizens.

Signed by:

  • The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • Free Press Unlimited (FPU)
  • The European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF)

This statement was coordinated by the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR), a Europe-wide mechanism which tracks, monitors and responds to violations of press and media freedom in EU Member States, Candidate Countries and Ukraine.

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Access to Information Day: Blocking of freedom of information…

Access to Information Day: Blocking of freedom of information requests must be reported

28 September is International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI), as announced at the UN in 2015. The right to access information is the foundation of all democratic processes and societies. Any obstacle in this field directly impacts the work of journalists and society’s right to be informed. Documentation of violations targeting this right from a media freedom perspective draws attention to this notion and contributes to transparency and journalistic freedom.

Freedom of information is protected in over 140 countries and territories globally, according to UNESCO. Additionally, in Europe there are additional agreements guarding access to information through dozens of national legislations available across the continent and various treaties and agreements including the Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights as well as Article 15 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. This right has also been observed as part of an international day every year since 2015, on 28 September as the International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI). While it is a protected right, for citizens to access and receive accurate, reliable and relevant information in a timely manner, governments and public authorities have hindered these processes under various circumstances.

Access to information stands at the basis of qualitative and investigative journalism. In the area of journalism, access to information is blocked and restricted in various ways by blocking journalistic activity. One form is government or public authorities delaying answers to or not responding to “Freedom of Information” (FOI) requests protected by law, or responding with irrelevant information to them. Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) monitoring database Mapping Media Freedom (MapMF) recorded 13 violations related to FOI since January 2023, with a suspected substantial number of unreported cases. 

 

HINDRANCES TO ACCESS TO INFORMATION

However, blocked access to information is not limited to FOI cases alone. MapMF recorded 76 cases since January 2023, where access to information was blocked, and journalists’ information requests or questions during press conferences were denied or remained unanswered. Journalistic access to information is also restricted when media workers are arbitrarily denied accreditation, being hindered accessing reporting locations, or being obstructed from reporting. MapMF recorded 190 of such cases since Jan 2023. Public access to information is additionally confined when the distribution of journalistic content is blocked, including blocked journalistic websites or social media accounts. MapMF recorded 50 cases of this kind, since January 2023. 

One example of unanswered information requests is from Hungary. When an investigative outlet in Hungary, Átlátszó started working on a news piece concerning the overpriced contracts by the “Student Loan Center”, they received no response for a long time. Unlike the case for many other similar examples, the publication took the necessary legal steps against this silence, and initiated a court case against the state company, for violating the right to access information. 

On numerous occasions this has been the case in various countries, and globally it is not uncommon to see public institutions attempting to not disclose information that would serve public interest for various reasons. 

 

REPORTING ON VIOLATIONS IS SIGNIFICANT

Even though the conditions in Hungary do not favour independent media or journalists, Átlátszó ran its investigation and followed up with the legal rights they have, to pursue the information which is considered to be of public interest. This case at the Metropolitan Court of Budapest was celebrated in terms of implementation of freedom of information; however not every case receives the same encouraging result. 

From journalists’ perspective, difficulties in accessing information are sometimes considered to be “standard” or it would be referred to as “it comes with the job”, despite over 100 countries around the world having a legislation recognising freedom of information.

Over the years, in the field of media freedom, in areas where press and media freedom violations were reported and engagement in advocacy efforts followed these reports, progress has been made to tackle problems and expand the scope of media freedom to protect journalists, media workers, outlets and the people’s right to access accurate, reliable and verified information. It is imperative that journalists speak up about violations in the field of freedom of information and report them too, in order for such graceless attempts at blocking flow of information to come to an end. 

 

CAMPAIGN ON FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

As many journalists remain silent about the unanswered questions or irrelevant information being supplied to them upon filing a freedom of information request, these cases remain unreported and as a result, fail to lead to advocacy efforts around the topic, which becomes the basis of overcoming such hindrances. In order to boost the implementation of the right to access information and news, the MFRR has been documenting press and media violations, and is currently leading a campaign on Freedom of Information. As part of this campaign, in 2025 MFRR will also be publishing a report based on the violations in this field. 

The MFRR hereby takes this opportunity to observe the International Day for Universal Access to Information, and call on all journalists, media workers, outlets and local partners in the European Union member states and candidate countries to report cases of violations in the field of freedom of information, alongside all other press and media freedom violations.  The cases will be documented on MFRR’s monitoring database Mapping Media Freedom, and in 2025 a report on Freedom of Information will be published. 

 

By Gürkan Özturan, Monitoring Officer, European Centre for Press and Media Freedom

gurkan.ozturan@ecpmf.eu

@obefintlig